Minimally invasive surgery in gastric cancer

Table 1 Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer n (%)

Ref.	Year	Patients (n)		Follow-up period	Inclusion	Lymphadenectomy	5-yr survival		P value	Recurrence
		LG	OG				LG	OG		LG	OG
Lee et al[18]	2009	106	105	55.0	cT1	D2	95.9%	94.9%	NS	1 (0.94)	1 (0.95)
An et al[108]	2010	42	162	35.0	pT1N+	D1 + β, D2	89.7%	89.9%	NS	4 (9.5)	14 (8.6)
Jeong et al[109]	2011	138	261	36.8	≤ cT3N1	D1 + β, D2	Median OS: 30 mo			35 (13.4)	30 (21.7)
MacLellan et al[110]	2012	21	182	21.3	Stage I-IV	-	69.5%	65.6%	NS	8 (38.1)	67 (36.8)
							(3YSR)	(3YSR)
Hamabe et al[111]	2012	66	101	30.4 (LG)	cT1	D2	94.4%	78.5%	NS	4 (6.0)	22 (21.7)
				53.3 (OG)
Moisan et al[22]	2012	31	31	50.0	-	D1 + α, D1 + β, D2	74.0%	75.0%	NS	5 (16.1)	4 (12.9)
							(3YSR)	(3YSR)
Shinohara et al[46]	2013	186	150	48.8	cT2-4	D2	68.1%	63.7%	NS	53 (28.4)	-
Kim et al[42]	2013	82	82	74.3	≤ cT1N1	D2	97.6%	96.3%	NS	1 (1.2)	2 (2.4)

LG: Laparoscopic gastrectomy; OG: Open gastrectomy; OS: Overall survival.

Table 2 Ongoing prospective randomized controlled trials in gastric cancer surgery

Study	Country	Start year	Phase	Study design	Inclusion	Sample size	Primary endpoint
KLASS-01	South Korea	2006	III	LADG vs ODG	cT1-2/N0	1400	Overall survival
JCOG 0912	Japan	2010	III	LADG vs ODG	cT1-2/N0	920	Overall survival
JLSSG 0901	Japan	2010	II/III	LADG vs ODG	cT2-4a/N0-2/M0	II: 180	II: Morbidity
						III: 500	III: Relapse-free survival
KLASS-02	South Korea	2011	III	LADG vs ODG	cT2-4a/N0-4a/M0	1050	3-yr DFS
CLASS-01	China	2012	III	LADG vs ODG	cT2-4a/N0-4a/M0	1056	3-yr DFS
COACT 1001	South Korea	2010	III	LADG vs ODG	cT2-4a/N0-3a/M0	204	Noncompliance rate
KRGS	South Korea	2011	II	Robot vs Laparoscopy	cT1-3/M0	1700	Surgical outcomes
SENORITA	South Korea	2012	III	Laparoscopic SNNS	cT1-2/N0/size < 4 cm	160	Safety/efficacy

LADG: Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy; ODG: Open distal gastrectomy; SNNS: Sentinel node navigation surgery; DFS: Disease-free survival.