Racial and ethnic disparities in gastric cancer outcomes: More important than surgical technique?

Table 1 Investigations performed by our group demonstrating racial and ethnic disparities in gastrointestinal cancer outcomes

Ref.	Histology	Cancer registry	Groups	Findings
Artinyan et al[5], 2010	Hepatocellular carcinoma	SEER	white, black, Hispanic, and Asian	Blacks have shortest OS
				Race/ethnicity independently predicts OS
				Asian race independently predicts improved OS
Kim et al[7], 2011	Rectal cancer	LAC CSP	white, black, Hispanic, and Asian	Asians have longest OS
				Race/ethnicity independently predicts OS
Lee et al[8], 2012	Rectal cancer	LAC CSP	white, black, Hispanic, and Asian	Of patients who received neoadjuvant radiation, blacks have the poorest survival
				Race/ethnicity independently predicts survival
Lee et al[9], 2012	Colon cancer	LAC CSP	white, black, Hispanic, and Asian	Asians have longest OS
Kim et al[16], 2010	Gastric cancer	LAC CSP	white, black, Hispanic, and Asian	Asians have longest OS
				Asian race independently predicts improved OS for surgical patients
Kim et al[59], 2009	Gastric cancer	LAC CSP	Korean, Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, and Vietnamese	Koreans have longest MS
				Filipinos have shortest MS
				Japanese and Filipino ethnicities independently predict worse OS
Nelson et al[18], 2013	Gastric cancer	SEER	Korean-Americans and whites	Korean-Americans have prolonged OS independent of LNs

SEER: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; LAC CSP: Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Program; MS: Median survival; OS: Overall survival.