Mediterranean diet and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: New therapeutic option around the corner?

Table 1 Studies investigating a Mediterranean diet and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Study	Country	Study design	Patients	n	Outcome	Intervention	Follow-up	Results
Fraser et al[38], 2008	Israel	Post hoc analysis of a quasi-randomized trial	Obese with diabetes	259	Reduction of liver enzymes through diets	3 diets:	12 mo	MD determined the greatest reduction of liver enzymes at 6 and 12 mo
						ADA diet
						Low-GI diet
						Modified MD
Tzima et al[39], 2009	Greece	Cross-sectional study (The ATTICA Study)	Healthy subejcts	1514 M	Association of MD with liver enzymes and MS	None	-	Greater adherence to MD determines a moderate association between liver enzymes and MS
				1528 F
Pérez-Guisado et al[42], 2011	Spain	Prospective study	Obese with NAFLD	14	Effect of SKMD on NAFLD	SKMD	12 wk	SKMD determines reduction of liver enzymes and severity of steatosis
Ryan et al[40], 2013	Australia	Randomised cross-over dietary intervention	Non-diabetic NAFLD	12	Improvement of liver steatosis	MD	6 wk	MD reduces liver steatosis and improves insulin sensitivity
						Low-fat/High-carnbohydrate diet
Kontogianni et al[41], 2013	Greece	Cross-sectional study	NAFLD	73	Adherence to MD and severity of NAFLD	None	None	Greater adherence to MD is associated with less severity of NAFLD and lower degree of insulin resistance

ADA: American Diabetes Association; GI: Glycemic index; MD: Mediterranean diet; MS: Metabolic syndrome; SKMD: Spanish ketogenic Mediterranean diet; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.