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Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 7, 2014; 20(13): 3457-3467
Published online Apr 7, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i13.3457
Table 1 Characterization and the main function of cell surface molecules required for hepatitis C virus entry
CharacterizationMain function in HCV entry
GAGsBinding factorAttachment to HCV E1 and ApoE
LDL-RBinding factorBinding to virion-associated lipoprotein
SR-BIReceptorBinding to virion-associated lipoprotein; lipid transfer; binding to E2 HVR1
CD81ReceptorInteraction with E2; signaling pathway activation which promotes actin remodeling
CLDN1ReceptorInteraction with HCV-CD81 complex
OCLNReceptorFunction at the late stage of HCV entry
EGFR and EphA2Entry factorSignaling pathways activation which lead to the formation of CD81-CLDN1 complexes
TfR1Entry factorPossibly involved in virus internalization
NPC1L1Entry factorPossibly involved in endosomal fusion
Table 2 Antiviral agents targeting viral entry
Stages of HCV entry processTargetAntiviral agentsRef.
HCV particle/attachmentHCV E1 and E2Neutralizing antibodies[102,103]
Heparin[41,55]
Lectins[106,107]
EGCG[109,110]
Oleanane-type triterpenes[111]
Virion-associated lipoproteinAnti-apoE mAb[108]
Receptor-mediated endocytosisSRBIAnti-SR-BI mAb[113]
ITX 5061[117]
CD81Anti-CD81 mAb[114]
CLDN1Anti-CLDN1mAb[115]
CLDN1-derived peptide[116]
EGFRErlotinib[50]
NPC1L1Ezetimibe[52]
TfR1Anti-TfR1 mAb[51]
InternalizationAmphipathic DNA polymers[118]
Arbidol[122]
Tamoxifen[123]
Endosomal fusionFusionE2-derived peptide[121]
CD81-derived peptide[124]
Curcumin[125]
Phenothiazines[126]
Ferroquine[127]
aUY11[128]
HCV II-1/GS-563253[129]
RegulationRasTipifarnib[78]
PKAH89[96]
MKNK1RO4475417[93]
PI3KWortmanin[99]