Inflammatory bowel disease of primary sclerosing cholangitis: A distinct entity?

Table 1 character of inflammatory bowel disease-associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis

Ref./Nation	Year	Endoscopic/histological findings			Histological findings
		Extension of IBD	Backwash-ileitis	Rectal sparing
Loftus et al[9]	2005	Total colitis 56/61 (92% vs CUC 54%)	19/37 (51% vs CUC 7%) by endoscopy	32/61 (52% vs CUC 6%) by endoscopy
United States
Joo et al[4]	2009	Total colitis 34/40 (85% vs CUC 45%)	10/24 (35.7% vs 26.9%) by histology	11/40 (27.5% vs 25%) by histology
United States
Sano et al[14]	2010	Total colitis 6/20 (35% vs CUC 35%)	Not studied	Not studied	Significantly higher inflammation in the right colon
Japan		Right-sided 11/20 (55% vs 3.3%)
		Left-sided 1/20(5% vs 31.7%)
Jørgensen et al[24]	2012	Total colitis 60/110 (55%)	11/93 (12%) by endoscopy	73/110 (66%) by endoscopy	Significantly higher inflammation in the right colon
Norway		Right-sided 25/110 (23%)	17/87 (20%) by histology	70/107 (65%) by histology
		Left-sided 3/110 (3%)
Boonstra et al[3]	2012	Total colitis 207/380 (83%)	< 10%	< 10%
The Netherlands		Left-sided 9/380 (4%)
Schaeffer et al[27]	2013	Total colitis (IBD preceding PSC)
Canada		Right-sided (PSC following IBD)

CUC: Chronic ulcerative colitis; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Table 2 Inflammatory bowel disease association in sclerosing cholangitis n (%)

Ref.	IgG4-SC	PSC
Nishino et al[44]	0/24 (0)	15/24 (62.5)	P < 0.0001
Zen et al[45]	0/17 (0)	5/5 (100)	P < 0.0001
Ghazale et al[46]	3/53 (6)	70%
Mendes et al[41]	NA	Elevated group (n = 12)
		6/12 (50)
		Normal group (n = 115)
		97/115 (90)
Nakazawa et al[5]	0/62 (0)	21/31 (68)	P < 0.0001

IgG4-SC: Immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing cholangitis; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis.