DCE-MRI in hepatocellular carcinoma-clinical and therapeutic image biomarker

Table 1 Summary of different hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging parameters and outcome

Ref.	Case number	Treatment	Parameter	Time interval	Outcome measure	P value
Wang et al[55], 2004	7	Thalidomide	↓ Peak, ↓ Slope	8 wk	P vs NP	< 0.05
Liang et al[23], 2007	19	Radiotherapy	↓ Peak,↓ Slope	2 wk	R vs NR	< 0.05
Zhu et al[56], 2009	34	Sunitinib	↓ Ktrans	2 wk	P vs NP	< 0.05
Jarnagin et al[21], 2009	34 (26 ICC and 8 HCC)	Floxuridine (FUDR) and dexamethasone	High baseline AUC, ↓ Kep	2 mo	OSOS	0.002 0.013
Yopp et al[57], 2011	17 (14 and 3 HCC)	Floxuridine (FUDR)Bevacizumab	↓ AUC	2 wk	TTP	0.002
Hsu et al[58], 2011	31	Sorafenib, TG/uracil	High baseline Ktrans	-	P vs NP	0.008
Hsu et al[58], 2011	31	Sorafenib, TG/uracil	↓ Ktrans	2 wk	P vs NPOSPFS	0.003 0.015 0.030
Hsu et al[59], 2012	67	Vandetanib	↓ Ktrans	1 wk	Pre vs Post	NS

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; ICC: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; TG: Tegafur; P: Progression; NP: Non-progression; R: Responder. NR: Non-responder; PFS: Progression-free survival; OS: Overall survival; TTP: Time to progression; Pre: Pre-treatment; Post: Post-treatment; AUC: Area under curve; NS: Non-significant.