Topic Highlight
Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 21, 2014; 20(11): 2962-2970
Published online Mar 21, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i11.2962
Table 1 Extrahepatic autoimmune-related signs and symptoms in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Clinical manifestationsArthralgia/myalgia
Arthritis
Sicca syndrome
Purpura
Lymphadenopathy
Pulmonary fibrosis
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Fibromyalgia
Thyroid dysfunction
Biological manifestationsCryoglobulinemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Hypocomplementemia
AutoantibodiesRF
ANA
Anti-SM and Anti-LKM1 antibody
Anti-thyroglobulin and Anti-TPO antibody
Anti-CL antibody
Table 2 Organ involvement in mixed cryoglobulinemia related to hepatitis C virus infection
OrganManifestations
SkinPurpura
Leg ulcers
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis
NerveMononeuritis multiplex
Sensory-motor polyneuropathy
Central nervous system vasculitis
KidneyType 1 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Vasculitis of small renal artery
Gastrointestinal tractMesenteric vasculitis
LungInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis
HeartMitral valvular damage
Coronary vasculitis
Pericarditis
Table 3 Immunological manifestations and useful autoantibodies in the patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Clinical symptomsUseful autoantibodiesDifferential diagnosis
Polyarthritis/polyarthralgiaRF, anti-CCPRA
Sicca (dry eye/dry mouth)Anti-SSA/SSBSS
PurpuraCryoglobulinCryoglobulinemic vasculitis
Leg ulcerANCA, CryoglobulinSystemic vasculitis
GlomerulonephritisANCA, Anti-dsDNASLE, systemic vasculitis
CytopeniaAnti-dsDNASLE
HepatitisAnti-SM, Anti-LKM1Autoimmune hepatitis
ThrombosisAnti-CL IgG/MAPS
Depression/fatigueAnti-thyroglobulin, Anti-TPOAutoimmune thyroiditis