Effects of glutamine on gut structure and function in endotoxemic rats

Table 1 General conditions

	Group A	Group B	Group C	Group D
Weight loss, g	-	20.50 ± 4.10	29.00 ± 6.45	15.30 ± 4.12b
Death, n	-	2	3	2
BTR, % (n/total)	-	33.3 (3/9)	77.8 (7/9)	40 (4/10)b

^bP < 0.01 vs group C.

Table 2 Intestinal protein and DNA contents (mg/g)

	Group A	Group B	Group C	Group D
Jejunum protein	161.79 ± 36.75	159.92 ± 43.20	142.79 ± 26.14	155.51 ± 15.88b
Ileun protein	141.62 ± 37.90	150.82 ± 23.68	140.20 ± 26.48	173.99 ± 1.77b
Jejunum DNA	14.16 ± 3.60	13.10 ± 2.83	9.55 ± 2.97	15.02 ± 3.57b
Ileum DNA	14.53 ± 3.87	12.15 ± 2.95	8.47 ± 2.39	14.32 ± 4.15b

^bP < 0.01 vs group C.

Table 3 Intestinal mucosal adenosine triphosphate, secretory immunoglobulin A, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde contents (/g)

	Group A	Group B	Group C	Group D
Jejunum ATP, mmol	2.78 ± 0.16	2.03 ± 0.17	1.78 ± 0.13	2.23 ± 0.20b
Ileum ATP, mmol	2.54 ± 0.1	2.09 ± 0.31	1.56 ± 0.22	2.14 ± 0.12b
Jejunum sIgA, μg	597 ± 79	439 ± 97	311 ± 73	460 ± 81b
Ileum sIgA, μg	546 ± 87	387 ± 65	289 ± 56	408 ± 84b
Jejunum SOD, Nu	92 ± 12	327 ± 21	365 ± 32	302 ± 29b
Ileum SOD, Nu	101 ± 14	307 ± 24	347 ± 27	286 ± 34b
Jejunum MDA, nmol	6.07 ± 1.1	13.09 ± 5.33	17.11 ± 5.21	11.67 ± 4.70b
Ileum MDA, nmol	5.13 ± 1.3	10.44 ± 2.48	14.54 ± 3.82	9.80 ± 2.52b

^bP < 0.01 vs group C. ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; sIgA: Secretory immunoglobulin A; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; MDA: Malondialdehyde.

Table 4 Intestinal histologic changes (μm)

	Group A	Group B	Group C	Group D
Jejunum layer	692.25 ± 11.37	715.26 ± 17.43	605.77 ± 17.63	751.86 ± 14.88b
Ileum layer	652.20 ± 37.20	679.39 ± 7.12	502.30 ± 10.06	551.31 ± 12.32b
Jejunum mucosa	568.20 ± 69.72	674.55 ± 10.02	519.60 ± 9.31	579.08 ± 11.26b
Ileum mucosa	474.40 ± 27.31	513.52 ± 25.72	376.34 ± 9.25	423.79 ± 7.24b
Jejunum villi	364.12 ± 6.42	471.50 ± 6.71	322.57 ± 3.09	379.28 ± 8.42b
Ileum villi	241.37 ± 8.25	304.20 ± 6.1	202.37 ± 674	249.26 ± 3.78b

^bP < 0.01 vs group C.