Ensure preparation and capsule endoscopy: A two-center prospective study

Table 1 Demographics of the entire study population n (%)

	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Group 4	P value
	Overnight fast	Low fiber diet and overnight fast	PEG and overnight fast	Ensure and overnight fast
Number of patients	45	81	50	22
Male/female	21/24	42/39	27/23	8/14
Average age (yr)	55.3	53	48.5	41.1	0.0138 (groups 1 and 2 vs 4)
Indication for CE
Suspected CD	11 (24.4)	20 (24.7)	18 (36)	13 (59)	0.0151 (groups 1 and 2 vs 4)
Obscure GI bleeding	29 (64.4)	50 (61.7)	24 (48)	6 (27.3)	0.0124 (groups 1 and 2 vs 4)
Others	5 (11.2)	11 (13.6)	8 (16)	3 (13.7)	0.9265
Number of incomplete cases1	3 (6.7)	5 (6.2)	7 (14)	3 (13.6)	0.14
		+1 gastroparesis		+2 gastroparesis

¹Incomplete cases = non-arrival to the cecum. CE: Capsule endoscopy; CD: Crohn’s disease; PEG: Polyethylene glycol; GI: Gastrointestinal.

Table 2 Parameters of study population with complete date n (%) (mean ± SD)

	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Group 4	P value
	Overnight fast	Low fiber diet and overnight fast	PEG and overnight fast	Ensure and overnight fast
Number of patients	36	61	43	17
Male/female	15/21	34/27	24/19	5/12
Average age (yr)	55.9	53	46.9	41.9
Indication for CE
Suspected CD	8 (22.2)	17 (27.8)	17 (39.5)	10 (58.9)
Obscure GI bleeding	23 (63.9)	37 (60.7)	18 (41.9)	4 (23.5)
Others	5 (13.9)	7 (22.5)	8 (18.6)	3 (17.6)
Final SB diagnosis
Established CD	2 (5.56)	6 (9.8)	2 (4.6)	2 (11.8)
Angioectasia	4 (11.1)	11 (18)	4 (2.3)	1 (5.9)
SB Polyp	1 (2.8)	0	0	2 (11.8)
Celiac disease	0	3 (4.9)	0	0
Nonspecific findings	2 (5.56)	7 (11.5)	5 (11.6)	3 (17.6)
Normal study	25 (69.4)	29 (47.5)	29 (67.4)	7 (42.2)
Others	2 (5.56)	5 (8.2)	3 (7)	2 (11.8)
Extra-SB findings	5 (13.9)	16 (26.2)	6 (14)	4 (23.5)
Mean gastric transit time (min)	29.1 ± 35.5	34.9 ± 31.3	35.8 ± 29.8	40.1 ± 41	General = 0.29; 0.075 (group 1 vs group 2); 0.08 (group 1 vs group 3)
Mean SB transit time(min)	228 ± 95.4	220.4 ± 81.4	239.6 ± 84	222.4 ± 100.4	General = 0.7

CE: Capsule endoscopy; SB: Small bowel; CD: Crohn’s disease; GI: Gastrointestinal.

Table 3 Scoring of bile presence and cleanliness of small bowel (mean ± SD)

	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Group 4	P value
	Overnight fast	Low fiber diet and overnight fast	PEG and overnight fast	Ensure and overnight fast
Number of patients	36	61	43	17
Duodenal bile score	1.96 ± 0.7	1.9 ± 0.6	2.9 ± 0.6	1.76 ± 0.6	General = 0.15; 0.053 (group 3 vs group 4)
Cleanliness of proximal SB	1.8 ± 0.6	1.8 ± 0.4	1.7 ± 0.4	1.6 ± 0.34	General = 0.6
Cleanliness of middle SB	1.9 ± 0.7	2.1 ± 0.6	1.8 ± 0.6	1.7 ± 0.5	General = 0.16; 0.057 (group 2 vs group 3); 0.07 (group 2 vs group 4)
Cleanliness of distal SB	2.2 ± 0.7	2.2 ± 0.6	2.3 ± 0.8	2.1 ± 0.6	General = 0.6
Total score of clearness	1.97 ± 0.7	2 ± 0.6	1.9 ± 0.6	1.8 ± 0.5	General = 0.4; 0.06 (group 2 vs group 4)

SB: Small bowel; PEG: Polyethylene glycol.