Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with natural orifice specimen extraction

Table 1 Clinical data and outcomes of 21 rectal cancer cases

	Transvaginal	Transanal	P value
Patients (n)	n = 5	n = 16
Sex			> 0.05
Male	0	4
Female	5	12
Age, yr (median)	61	62
Site of tumor [distance to the edge of the anus (cm)]			> 0.05
5-10	4	9
10-15	1	7
Operative time (min)	195 ± 35	187 ± 35	> 0.05
Operative bleeding (mL)	36 ± 15	45 ± 20	> 0.05
Post-op flatus (d)	2.0 ± 1.5	1.0 ± 0.8	> 0.05
Post-op hospitalization (d)	7.0 ± 1.2	6.5 ± 1.5	> 0.05
Intra-abdominal infection	0	0	> 0.05
Anastomosis leak	0	0
Ileus	0	1
Number of removal lymph node	16 ± 3	18 ± 2	> 0.05
Differentiation			> 0.05
Well	2	4
Moderate	2	10
Poor	1	2
TNM stage			> 0.05
Stage I	1	3
Stage II	3	11
Stage III	1	2
Stage IV	0	0