DNA methylation and microRNAs in cancer

Table 1 Methylation and diseases

AML	hPer3 gene	Hypermethylation
Fragile X syndrome	Loss of FMR1/FMR2 function	Promoter methylation
ATR-X syndrome	Loss of ATRX function	Hypomethylation of certain repeat and satellite sequences
Immunodeficiency, centromeric region instability, and facial anomaly syndrome	DNMT3b mutation	Centromeric DNA hypomethylation
Beckwith-Wiedeman syndrome	Disruption of the imprinted IGF2/CDKN1C loci on 11p15.5	Loss of genomic imprinting
Williams syndrome	Loss of WSTF function	Condensed chromatin structures
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome	Mutations in the gene encoding CREB -binding protein	Reduced histone H3 acetylation
Prader-Willi syndrome	Disruption of the imprinted SNRF/SNRPN locus on 15q11–13	Disruption of genomic imprinting
Coffin-Lowry syndrome	Mutation in RSK genes	Disrupted chromatin remodeling via activation of CREB-binding protein

CREB: cAMP-response element-binding protein; WSTF: Williams syndrome transcription factor.