Moxibustion inhibits interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha and modulates intestinal flora in rat with ulcerative colitis

Table 1 General morphological scoring

General morphological manifestation		Score
Colon adhesion	No adhesion	0
	Mild adhesion	1
	Severe adhesion	2
Ulcer and	No ulcer and no inflammation	0
inflammation	Local congestion, no ulcer	1
	1 ulcer without congestion or bowel wall thickening	2
	1 ulcer with inflammation	3
	> 2 ulcer and inflammation	4
	> 2 ulcer and/or inflammation area > 1 cm	5
	> 2 ulcer and/or inflammation area > 2 cm, one more damage, plus 1	6-8

Table 2 Immunopathological scoring

Immunopathological manifestation		Score
Ulcer	No ulcer	0
	Ulcer area < 3 cm	1
	Ulcer area > 3 cm	2
Inflammation	No inflammation	0
	Mild inflammation	1
	Severe inflammation	2
Granuloma	No granuloma	0
	Granuloma	1
Lesion depth	No lesion	0
	Submucosa	1
	Muscular layer	2
	Serosa layer	3
Fibrosis	No fibrosis	0
	Mild fibrosis	1
	Severe fibrosis	2

Table 3 Oligonucleotide primers and TaqMan fluorescent probe sequences used for real-time polymerase chain reaction assays

Primer or probe name	Primer sense	Sequence (5’→3’)	Amplification product (bp)
Bifidobacterium	Forward	5'-ACTGGAATTCCCGGTGTAAC-3'	85
	Reverse	5'-GTCAGTAACGGCCCAGAGAC-3'
Lactococcus lactis	Forward	5'-CAACATTTGGAAACGAATGC-3'	134
	Reverse	5'-CCTTGGTGAGCCTTTACCTC-3'
Bacteroides	Forward	5'-ATTGCAGTGGAATGATGTGG-3'	106
	Reverse	5'-TATGGCACTTAAGCCGACAC-3'
Bacillus vallismortis	Forward	5'-ACCGCATGGTTCAGACATAA-3'	88
	Reverse	5'-AGCCGTTACCTCACCAACT-3'