Celiac disease markers in patients with liver diseases: A single center large scale screening study

Table 1 Patients with liver disease and patients who underwent liver transplantation

Disease	Diagnosis	n (M/F)
Liver disease	Alcoholic liver cirrhosis	152 (94/58)
	Autoimmune hepatitis type I	77 (27/50)
	Viral hepatitis B	117 (67/50)
	Viral hepatitis C	147 (82/65)
	Wilson’s disease	31 (13/18)
	Primary biliary cirrhosis	32 (4/28)
	Primary sclerosing cholangitis	59 (40/19)
	Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis	23 (10/12)
	Liver steatosis	132 (77/55)
	Budd-Chiari syndrome	14 (5/9)
	Polycystic liver	10 (1/9)
	Others1	168 (74/94)
OLTx	Alcoholic liver cirrhosis	164 (131/33)
	Autoimmune hepatitis type I	33 (11/22)
	Viral hepatitis B	33 (20/13)
	Viral hepatitis C	79 (56/23)
	Wilson’s disease	29 (12/17)
	Primary biliary cirrhosis	40 (5/35)
	Primary sclerosing cholangitis	64 (47/17)
	Cryptogenic liver cirrhosis	28 (16/12)
	Budd-Chiari syndrome	6 (2/4)
	Polycystic liver	14 (3/11)
	Others2	33 (16/17)

¹Drug-induced hepatitis, cryptogenic liver cirrhosis, hepatitis A, hepatocellular carcinoma, focal nodular hyperplasia, mild liver test abnormalities, etc.;

²Cryptogenic liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, hematochromatosis, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, etc. M/F: Male/female; OLTx: Patients who underwent liver transplantation.

Table 2 Immunoglobulin A anti-tissue transglutaminase seropositivity in patients with liver disease and patients who underwent liver transplantation

IgA anti-tTG seropositivity	Diagnosis	M/F	n (%)
Liver disease	Wilson’s disease	1/3	4 (12.9)
	Autoimmune hepatitis type I	1/4	5 (6.5)
	Primary biliary cirrhosis	0/1	1 (3.1)
	Budd-Chiari syndrome	0/1	1 (7.1)
	Mild hepatic liver tests abnormalities	5/2	7 (20)
	Liver steatosis	3/1	4 (3.3)
	Viral hepatitis B	1/0	1 (0.9)
	Toxic hepatitis	1/0	1 (4.8)
	Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis	0/2	2 (8.7)
	Primary sclerosing cholangitis	1/1	2 (3.4)
	Polycystic liver	0/1	1 (10)
OLTx	Wilson’s disease	1/1	2 (6.9)
	Autoimmune hepatitis type I	0/2	2 (6.1)
	Alcoholic liver cirrhosis	1/0	1 (0.6)

IgA: Immunoglobulin A; tTG: Tissue transglutaminase; OLTx: Patients who underwent liver transplantation; M/F: Male/female.

Table 3 Patients with liver disease newly diagnosed with celiac disease

No.	Age	Gender	Diagnosis	Liver histology
1	34	F	PSC	Portal tracts with ductular reaction and minimal inflammation, features of chronic cholestasis
2	37	M	PSC	Florid ductular reaction with accompanying mild mixed inflammation and focal dark-brown granules of copper-associated protein (in orcein stain) in periportal hepatocytes
3	33	M	Wilson's d.	Macrovesicular steatosis, periportal fibrosis and periportal hepatocytes with glycogenated nuclei
4	35	F	Wilson's d.	Focal steatosis, periportal and septal fibrosis
5	36	F	Wilson's d.	Mild nonspecific hepatocellular injury with spotty hepatocyte necrosis and mononuclear portal
				inflammatory infiltrate, scattered apoptotic bodies and mild steatosis
6	29	M	AIH type I	Portal and lobular inflammation, periportal fibrosis
7	33	F	AIH type I	Portal and periportal inflammation, spotty necrosis
8	33	F	AIH type I	Chronic hepatitis pattern of injury with portal-based inflammation and fibrosis
9	40	F	AIH type I	Periportal interface activity and scattered hepatocyte necrosis
10	35	F	PBC	Bile duct injury with epithelioid granuloma, portal inflammation
11	32	M	Toxic hepatitis	Portal inflammation with scattered eosinophils, spotty necrosis
12	50	F	Budd-Chiari s.	Extensive centrilobular necrosis of hepatocytes
13	22	M	Celiac hepatitis	Non-specific reactive hepatitis with mild portal inflammation
14	27	M	Celiac hepatitis	Mild lobular inflammation with apoptotic bodies and hepatocyte necrosis
15	50	F	Celiac hepatitis	Mild periportal fibrosis with mild portal inflammation and focal interface activity
16	40	F	NASH	Ballooned hepatocytes, macrovesicular steatosis accentuated in zone 3 without significant liver injury

No.: Number; F: Female; M: Male; d.: Disease; PBC: Primary biliary cirrhosis; s.: Syndrome; NASH: Non–alcoholic steatohepatitis; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis.