Double layered self-expanding metal stents for malignant esophageal obstruction, especially across the gastroesophageal junction

Table 1 Patient baseline characteristics (n = 48) n (%)

	Overall(n = 48)	GEJ obstruction(n = 18)	Non-GEJ obstruction(n = 30)	P value
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	68.4 ± 10.5	65.8 ± 10.3	69 ± 10.5	0.749
Male	39 (81.3)	12 (25.0)	27 (56.2)	0.045
Histological diagnosis
Squamous cell carcinoma	32 (66.6)	2	30	0.001
Adenocarcinoma	16 (33.4)	16	0	0.001
Type of treatment before SEMS placement
Supportive care	29 (60.4)	10	19	0.594
Chemotherapy	11 (22.9)	7	4	0.041
Radiation therapy	7 (14.6)	1	6	0.170
Chemoradiation therapy	1 (2.1)	0	1	0.434

GEJ obstruction, distal esophageal and gastroesophageal junction obstruction; Non-GEJ obstruction, middle and upper esophageal obstruction. GEJ: Gastroesophageal junction; SEMS: Self-expanding metal stents.

Table 2 Clinical outcomes in 48 patients n (%)

Outcomes	Overall(n = 48)	GEJ obstruction(n = 18)	Non-GEJ obstruction(n = 30)
Technical success	48 (100)	18 (100)	30 (100)
Clinical success	48 (100)	18 (100)	30 (100)
Mean dysphagia score preprocedure (mean ± SD)	3.20 ± 0.68	3.05 ± 0.63	3.30 ± 0.70
Mean dysphagia score postprocedure (mean ± SD)	1.77 ± 0.77	1.77 ± 0.73	1.76 ± 0.81
Change dysphagia score (paired-t test) (P value)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

GEJ obstruction, distal esophageal and gastroesophageal junction obstruction; Non-GEJ obstruction, middle and upper esophageal obstruction. GEJ: Gastroesophageal junction.

Table 3 Complications and causes of stent malfunctions n (%)

	Overall(n = 48)	GEJ obstruction(n = 18)	Non-GEJ obstruction(n = 30)	P value
Causes of stent malfunctions
Overgrowth	13 (27.1)	5 (27.8)	8 (26.7)	0.933
Migration	1 (2.1)	1 (5.6)	0 (0.0)	0.192
Food impaction	2 (4.2)	1 (5.6)	1 (3.3)	0.709
Other complications
Reflux esophagitis	13 (27.1)	8 (44.4)	5 (16.7)	0.036
Aspiration pneumonia	5 (10.4)	0 (0.0)	5 (16.7)	0.06
Fistula	2 (4.2)	0 (0.0)	2 (6.7)	0.263

GEJ obstruction, distal esophageal and gastroesophageal junction obstruction; Non-GEJ obstruction, middle and upper esophageal obstruction. GEJ: Gastroesophageal junction.