Metabolic syndrome after liver transplantation: Preventable illness or common consequence?

Table 1 Studies examining the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome after liver transplant

Study	Number subjects (n)	Metabolic syndrome (%)	Elevated glucose (%)	Elevated blood pressure (%)	Increased waist circumference (%)	Dyslipidemia (%)	Adverse outcome reported with metabolic syndrome
Bianchi et al[7]	296	45	60	53	32	37 increased TG	Not studied
						50 low HDL
Laryea et al[9]	118	58	61 (diabetes)	62 (HTN)	36 (BMI > 30 kg/m2)	45 increased TG	More cardiovascular events
						48 low HDL
Hanouneh et al[8]	82	50	52 (diabetes)	64 (HTN)	45 (BMI > 28 kg/m2)	Not reported	Increased fibrosis with HCV
Kallwitz et al[88]	172	65	68	Not reported	53	42 increased TG	More cardiovascular events
Laish et al[10]	252	52	40 (diabetes)	58 (HTN)	31	47 increased TG	More cardiovascular events
						49 increased HDL

HTN: Hypertension; TG: Triglycerides; HDL: High density lipoprotein; BMI: Body mass index; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.

Table 2 Factors associated with the metabolic syndrome after transplant

Pretransplant risk factors	Posttransplant risk factors
Weight[9]	Change in BMI[7]
Body mass index[7,10,14]
Cryptogenic cirrhosis[9,10]
Alcohol cirrhosis[9]
Hepatitis C cirrhosis[9]
Pretransplant diabetes[7,10,14]
Age[9,10]
Triglycerides[10]
High density lipoprotein[10]

BMI: Body mass index.