Gut bacteria alteration in obese people and its relationship with gene polymorphism

Table 1 Culture media and incubation conditions

Medium	Time (d)	Culture conditions	Bacterial group
EMB agar1	1	Aerobic	Escherichia coli
BEA agar2	1	Aerobic	Enterococci
LBS agar2	2	Aerobic with 5% CO2	Lactobacilli
BBL agar1	2	Anaerobic	Bifidobacteria
SPS agar1	2	Anaerobic	Clostridium perfringens
GAM agar2	2	Anaerobic	Bacteroides

¹Purchased from Beijing Land Bridge Technology Co. Ltd., China;

²Prepared in the laboratory according to methods defined by the Chinese Ministry of Health[16]. EMB: Eosin methylene blue; BEA: Bile esculin azide; LBS: Lactobacillus selection; BBL: Bifidobacterium culture; SPS: Sulfite-polymyxin-sulfadiazine; GAM: Gifu anaerobic medium.

Table 2 Descriptive characteristics of the study groups (mean ± SD)

	Obese (n = 52)	Normal-weight (n = 52)
Age (yr)	34.65 ± 11.91	33.02 ± 10.37
Sex
Male	34	26
Female	18	26
Body mass index (kg/m2)	30.79 ± 2.80b	20.26 ± 1.50
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.91 ± 0.80b	4.26 ± 0.75
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	2.33 ± 1.22b	0.95 ± 0.37
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	5.42 ± 0.88b	4.90 ± 0.45
Leukocyte counts (× 109/L)	6.96 ± 1.71b	5.85 ± 1.49
Intermediate cells (× 109/L)	0.48 ± 0.12a	0.43 ± 0.10
Granulocytes (× 109/L)	4.44 ± 1.24b	3.59 ± 1.14

^aP < 0.05,

^bP≤ 0.01 vs the normal-weight group. BMI: Body mass index.

Table 3 Viable counts of the six gut bacteria in obese and normal-weight groups (mean ± SD)

Bacterial groups	Obese (n = 52)	Normal-weight (n = 52)
Bacteroidesa	9.81 ± 0.58	10.06 ± 0.39
Escherichia coli	7.76 ± 0.92	8.09 ± 0.81
Enterococci	7.53 ± 1.05	7.27 ± 2.07
Lactobacilli	7.98 ± 1.38	8.26 ± 0.70
Bifidobacteria	8.75 ± 1.50	9.17 ± 0.80
Clostridium perfringensb	6.54 ± 0.65	6.94 ± 0.57

^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.005 vs the normal-weight group.

Table 4 Genotype distribution and allele frequency of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 Pro12Ala n (%)

Group	Genotype			Allele
	Pro/Pro	Pro/Ala	Ala/Ala	Pro	Ala
Obese group (n = 41)	33 (80.5)	8 (19.5)	0 (0)	74 (90.2)	8 (9.8)
Normal-weight group (n = 47)	40 (85.1)	7 (14.9)	0 (0)	87 (92.6)	7 (7.4)