Protection of the liver against CCl4-induced injury by intramuscular electrotransfer of a kallistatin-encoding plasmid

Table 1 Serum biomarker levels affected by transgene of kallistatin on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury (n = 8, mean ± SD)

Group	ALT (U/L)	AST (U/L)	MDA (nmol/mg protein)	TNF-α (pg/mL)
Control	37 ± 7	48 ± 7	0.46 ± 0.10	2.9 ± 2.1
CCl4	134 ± 26b	183 ± 20b	1.15 ± 0.29b	28.1 ± 11.8b
pLac + CCl4	123 ± 18b	181 ± 28b	1.07 ± 0.33b	28.8 ± 9.4b
pKal (100 μg) + CCl4	95 ± 24d	121 ± 35d	0.48 ± 0.27d	12.4 ± 4.0d
pKal (50 μg) + CCl4	98 ± 28c	143 ± 37c	0.65 ± 0.25d	14.5 ± 3.5d
pKal (25 μg) + CCl4	101 ± 32c	151 ± 37c	0.82 ± 0.21c	17.3 ± 4.8c

^bP < 0.01 vs control group;

^cP < 0.05,

^dP < 0.01 vs CCl₄ group. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; MDA: Malonyldialdehyde; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; CCl₄: Carbon tetrachloride.