Gastroesophageal flap valve status distinguishes clinical phenotypes of large hiatal hernia

Table 1 Univariate regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis on the linkage between Cameron lesion and clinico-endoscopic factors

	Univariate regression		Multivariate logistic regression
	Cameron	Non-Cameron	Odds ratio	95% CI
No. of patients	5	44	-	-
Age (mean ± SD, yr)	68-84 (77.2 ± 6.4)	41-90 (77.0 ± 11.9)	-	-
Gender (male:female)	0:5	24:20	-	-
Gastric atrophy (%)	0.4	0.5	-	-
Erosive esophagitis (%)	0	0.545	-	-
Intact GEFV (%)	100	18.1b	Can not be evaluated	-
NSAID intake (%)	80	18.2a	12.0a	1.07-134.1a
Hemoglobin level (g/dL)	7.2 ± 2.2a	12.7 ± 1.8a	-	-

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs Cameron lesion. GEFV: Gastroesophageal flap valve; NSAID: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

Table 2 Univariate regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis on the linkage between reflux esophagitis and clinico-endoscopic factors

	Univariate regression		Multivariate logistic regression
	Reflux esophagitis	No esophagitis	Odds ratio	95% CI
No. of patients	24	25	-	-
Age (mean ± SD, yr)	41-87 (67.3 ± 14.1)	52-90 (72.2 ± 8.4)	-	-
Gender (male:female)	17:7	7:18a	2.66 (male)	0.73-9.7
Gastric atrophy (%)	34.6	64	-	-
Erosive esophagitis (%)	8.3	44a	0.17a	0.03-0.95a
Intact GEFV (%)	0	20	-	-
NSAID intake (%)	12.5	36	-	-
Hemoglobin level (g/dL)	12.5 ± 1.9	11.6 ± 2.9	-	-

^aP < 0.05 vs reflux esophagitis. GEFV: Gastroesophageal flap valve; NSAID: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.