Survival of geriatric patients after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in Japan

Table 1 Patients’ characteristics stratified by survival (mean ± SD)

Variable	Total (n = 931)	Alive (n = 429)	Dead (n = 502)	P-value
Age (yr)	81.4 ± 7.8	80.0 ± 7.9	82.6 ± 7.6	< 0.00011
Height (cm)	153.0 ± 10.4	152.4 ± 10.5	153.5 ± 10.2	0.201
Weight (kg)	44.7 ± 10.7	44.9 ± 10.8	44.6 ± 10.6	0.791
Body mass index (kg/m2)	19.3 ± 3.7	19.5 ± 4.0	19.1 ± 3.6	0.221
Body temperature (°C)	36.7 ± 0.5	36.7 ± 0.5	36.7 ± 0.5	0.821
White blood cell (/μL) 25/50/75 percentile	5470/6770/8700	5500/6640/8570	5420/6800/8800	0.332
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) 25/50/75 percentile	0.4/1.2/2.8	0.4/1.0/2.4	0.4/1.2/3.2	0.0162
Hematocrit (%) 25/50/75 percentile	29.8/33.5/37.1	30.9/34.2/37.7	29.2/32.8/36.6	0.00012
Hemoglobin (g/dL) 25/50/75 percentile	9.8/11.0/12.3	10.1/11.3/12.6	9.5/10.8/12.1	0.00012
Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) 25/50/75 percentile	18/24/35	18/23/31	18/24/39	0.0192
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) 25/50/75 percentile	12/19/33	12/19/29	11/20/40	0.222
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) 25/50/75 percentile	12.8/17.7/24.8	12.4/17.0/23.1	13.0/18.6/26.1	0.0182
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) 25/50/75 percentile	0.42/0.59/0.80	0.40/0.56/0.76	0.44/0.60/0.81	0.00962
Albumin (g/dL) 25/50/75 percentile	2.6/3.0/3.3	2.7/3.0/3.4	2.6/2.9/3.2	0.00132

¹The Student t-test was applied because the distribution was considered as normal;

²The Mann-Whitney test was applied because the distribution was considered as not normal.

Table 2 Cox proportional hazard models

Variable	Single variable analyses			Multivariate analysis
	Crude HR	95% CI	P-value	AHR	95% CI	P-value
Age (yr)	1.03	1.01-1.04	< 0.001	1.02	1.00-1.03	0.009
C-reactive protein (mg/dL)	1.07	1.05-1.10	< 0.001	1.04	1.01-1.07	0.005
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	0.91	0.87-0.95	< 0.001	0.98	0.92-1.05	0.530
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L)	1.01	1.00-1.01	< 0.001	1.00	0.10-1.00	0.170
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)	1.01	1.01-1.02	< 0.001	1.01	1.00-1.02	0.003
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	0.99	0.95-1.03	0.640	0.94	0.83-1.05	0.280
Albumin (g/dL)	0.52	0.43-0.63	< 0.001	0.67	0.52-0.85	0.001
Female	0.70	0.58-0.83	< 0.001	0.60	0.48-0.75	< 0.001
No history of pneumonia	0.76	0.63-0.92	0.004	0.99	0.79-1.24	0.950
No history of ischemic heart disease	0.66	0.53-0.82	< 0.001	0.69	0.54-0.88	0.003
No malnutrition	0.76	0.63-0.93	0.009	1.09	0.85-1.39	0.490
Cerebrovascular disease	0.78	0.66-0.93	0.006	0.83	0.67-1.02	0.080

Adjusted for all the variables listed in the table. HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; AHR: Adjusted hazard ratio.