Non-viral causes of hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Characteristics of cohort studies included in the meta-analysis

Study	Country	No. of cases (men/women)	Study participants	Assessment of exposure	Adjustments
Møller et al (1994)	Denmark	22/36	Men: 14 531	Discharge diagnosis of obesity	Age
			Women: 29 434
Wolk et al (2001)	Sweden	15/13	Men: 8165	Discharge diagnosis of obesity	Age, calendar year
			Women: 19 964
Nair et al (2002)	USA	6591	Men and women: 19 2711	Measured	Age, sex, race, diabetes
Calle et al (2003)	USA	620/345	Men: 404 576	Self-reported	Age, race, education, marital status, smoking, physical activity, aspirin use, estrogen-replacement therapy (women), alcohol, dietary factors
			Women: 495 477
Samanic et al (2004)	USA	322 whites/38 blacks	White men: 3 668 486	Discharge diagnosis of obesity	Age, calendar year
			Black men: 832 214
Kuriyama et al (2005)	Japan	69/31	Men: 12 485	Self-reported	Age, type of health insurance, smoking, intakes of alcohol, meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, bean-paste soup2
			Women: 15 054
Batty et al (2005)	UK	51	Men: 18 403	Measured	Age, employment grade, marital status, physical activity, smoking, other3
Oh et al (2005)	Korea	3347	Men: 781 283	Measured	Age, area of residence, family history of cancer, smoking, exercise, alcohol
Rapp et al (2005)	Austria	57	Men: 67 447	Measured	Age, occupational group, smoking
N’Kontchou et al (2006)	France	2201	Men and women: 7711	Measured	Age, sex, cirrhosis cause, diabetes
Samanic et al (2006)	Sweden	297	Men: 362 552	Measured	Age, smoking

¹Patients with cirrhosis;

²ORs for women were further adjusted for age at menarche, age at end of first pregnancy, and menopausal status;

³Other factors adjusted for include disease at entry, weight loss in the last year, height-adjusted FEV1, triceps skinfold thickness, blood pressure-lowering medication, blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, glucose intolerance, and diabetes. Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: [Br J Cancer]. Larsson SC, Wolk A. Overweight, obesity and risk of liver cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Br J Cancer 2007; 97: 1005-1008, copyright (2007)[42].