Heme oxygenase-1 as a therapeutic target in inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

Table 1 HO-1 and inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

Disorder	Mechanism of protection by HO-1	Experimental model	Ref.
Viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV)	HBV: repression of HBV replication	In vivo: transgenic mice; in vitro: human HepG2 hepatoma cells	[74]
	HCV: repression of HCV replication	In vitro: human Huh-7 hepatoma cells	[78-80]
		In vitro: human Huh-5-15 hepatoma cells	[81]
Inflammatory bowel disease	HO-1-derived biliverdin inhibits inflammatory activity	In vivo: colitis in dextran sodium sulfate-treated mice	[89]
	Inhibition of IRF8 activation	In vivo: colitis in IL-10-/- mice	[90]
	HO-1 mediates protection of 5-aminosalicylic acid	In vivo: colitis in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-treated rats	[91]
	Inhibition of NF-κB activation	In vivo: colitis in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-treated mice	[92]
	Inhibition of interleukin-17	In vivo: colitis in dextran sodium sulfate-treated mice	[93]
Pancreatitis	Homing of hemin-treated macrophages in pancreas before onset of inflammation	In vivo: acute pancreatitis in choline-deficient diet-fed mice	[101]
	Decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines	In vivo: acute pancreatitis after allograft transplantation in rat	[102]
	Inhibition of cell proliferation via repression of ERK activity	In vitro: platelet-derived growth-factor-treated rat pancreatic stellate cells	[105]

HO: Heme oxygenase; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.