Cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking and esophageal cancer risk in Taiwanese women

Table 1 Demographic characteristics and frequency of substance use in female esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and their controls (n = 255)

Variables	Cases (n = 51) n (%)	Controls (n = 204) n (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR1 (95% CI)	P-value1
Age (yr)
≤ 65	17 (33.3)	74 (36.3)	1.00	1.00
> 65	34 (66.7)	130 (63.7)	1.14 (0.60, 2.18)	1.56 (0.70, 3.50)	0.2467
Educational level (yr)
≤ 9	36 (70.6)2	179 (87.8)	1.00	1.00
> 9	8 (15.7)2	25 (12.3)	1.59 (0.67, 3.81)	1.78 (0.68, 4.64)	0.0962
Tea consumption
No	13 (25.5)2	37 (18.14)	1.00	1.00
Yes	36 (70.6)2	167 (81.86)	1.63 (0.79, 3.37)	1.82 (0.78, 4.24)	0.1743
Areca chewing
Non-chewers	48 (94.1)	203 (99.5)	1.00	1.00
Chewers	3 (5.9)	1 (0.5)	12.69 (1.29, 124.61)	3.41 (0.13, 88.80)	0.4016
Smoking status
Non-smokers	41 (80.39)	195 (95.59)	1.00	1.00
Smokers	10 (19.61)	9 (4.41)	5.28 (2.02, 13.82)	4.07 (1.36, 12.16)	0.0107
≤ 3.5 pack/wk	6 (11.76)	4 (1.96)		6.08 (1.43, 25.94)
> 3.5 pack/wk	4 (7.84)	5 (2.45)		2.09 (0.39, 11.23)
Alcohol consumption
Non-drinkers	40 (78.4)	195 (95.6)	1.00	1.00
Drinkers	11 (21.6)	9 (4.4)	5.96 (2.32, 15.32)	3.55 (1.03, 12.27)	0.0378
≤ 158 gm/wk	3 (5.9)	8 (3.9)		2.06 (0.44, 9.63)
> 158 gm/wk	8 (15.7)	1 (0.5)		20.58 (1.72, 245.62)

¹After adjusting for age (≤ 65 years vs > 65 years old), educational level (≤ 9 y vs > 9 yr), tea consumption (yes vs no), and status of smoking, areca chewing, and alcohol consumption (yes vs no);

²We got missing data with the educational level and tea consumption of cases.