Effects of microalgae chlorella species crude extracts on intestinal adaptation in experimental short bowel syndrome

Table 1 Total biochemical, histopathology and DNA results

	Sham	Control	EN	CCE	ANOVA	Sheffe’s
Weight loss (g)	0 ± 0	52 ± 8	34 ± 6	24 ± 5	< 0.001	a, c, e
Width of jejunum (cm)	0.84 ± 0.1	0.48 ± 0.4	0.62 ± 0.3	0.78 ± 0.1	< 0.05	c, e, g
Length of jejunum villi (mm)	0.74 ± 0.22	0.38 ± 0.18	0.54 ± 0.12	0.76 ± 0.11	< 0.05	c, e, g
Depth of jejunum crypt (mm)	0.51 ± 0.13	0.32 ± 0.13	0.52 ± 0.10	0.68 ± 0.08	< 0.05	c, e, g
Number of jejunal mitosis (n)	11.2 ± 2.1	4.2 ± 2.1	13.4 ± 4.3	22.8 ± 5.2	< 0.001	c, e, g
Width of ileum (cm)	0.84 ± 0.1	0.48 ± 0.4	0.62 ± 0.3	0.78 ± 0.1	< 0.05	c, e, g
Length of ileum villi (mm)	0.74 ± 0.22	0.38 ± 0.18	0.54 ± 0.12	0.56 ± 0.11	< 0.05	a, c
Depth of ileum crypt (mm)	0.61 ± 0.10	0.36 ± 0.13	0.58 ± 0.19	0.64 ± 0.08	< 0.05	c, e, g
Number of ileum mitosis (n)	11.2 ± 2.1	4.2 ± 2.1	13.4 ± 4.3	22.8 ± 5.2	< 0.001	c, e, g
Total protein (mg/dL)	6.8 ± 1.8	4.3 ± 1.3	6.1 ± 1.4	6.6 ± 2.0	< 0.05	c, g
Albumin (mg /dL)	2.2 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.3	1.9 ± 0.1	2.0 ± 0.3	< 0.05	c, g
Serum citrulline (micromol/L)	72.2 ± 11.2	34.2 ± 6.2	52.3 ± 7.9	68.8 ± 9.8	< 0.001	c, g
Mucosal DNA (ng/&mgr;L)	622 ± 48	318 ± 32	716 ± 61	898 ± 182	< 0.001	c, g
Mucosal protein (mg/mL)	16.2 ± 3.8	6.2 ± 2.6	12.9 ± 3.8	15.3 ± 4.5	< 0.001	c, g
Cell proliferation index Jejunum	310 ± 27	550 ± 40	710 ± 50	850 ± 55	< 0.001	a, c, g
(BrdU (+) cells/ 10 crypts) Ileum	280 ± 32	510 ± 35	730 ± 45	970 ± 65	< 0.001	a, c, g
Apoptosis index Jejunum	12 ± 2.1	25 ± 3.2	18 ± 3.1	14 ± 2.1	< 0.001	a, c, g
(Apoptotic cell/1000 cell) Ileum	13 ± 2.3	29 ± 2.5	21 ± 4.1	16 ± 3.7	< 0.001	a, c, g

^aP < 0.05, Sham group vs other groups; ^cP < 0.05, CCE and EN and control group; ^eP < 0.05, CCE vs EN group; ^gP < 0.05, control vs other groups.