1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates LPS-induced cytokine production and reduces mortality in rats

Table 1 1,25-(OH)₂D₃-regulated LPS-induced cytokine production in rats (pg/mL, mean ± SD)

	1,25-(OH)2D3 + LPS (n = 15)	Vehicle + LPS (n = 15)	1,25-(OH)2D3 (n = 10)
IL-12	3986 ± 328a	4160 ± 289	69.99 ± 3.99b
IFN-γ	4840 ± 802a	5264 ± 524	5.42 ± 0.12b
IL-4	5.57 ± 1.75a	3.72 ± 1.60

^aP < 0.05 vs vehicle + LPS;

^bP < 0.01 vs 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ + LPS and vehicle + LPS.

Table 2 Genes down-regulated by 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ in rat spleens

GenBank	Description	Gene name	Gene expression	Abundance	(Exp/vehicle)
NM007595	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, beta	CamK II	0.00E + 00	0.00E + 00	0.00E + 00
NM009793	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV	CamK IV	0.00E + 00	0.00E + 00	0.00E + 00
NM009843	Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4	Cd152	9.20E - 02	0.00E + 00	0.00E + 00
NM031162	CD3 antigen, zeta polypeptide	CD3Z antigen	5.00E - 02	0.00E + 00	0.00E + 00
NM007726	Cannabinoid receptor 1	cb1	0.00E + 00	3.12E - 02	0.00E + 00
NM009969	Colony stimulating factor	GM-CSF	1.88E - 01	0.00E + 00	1.38E - 01
	Nuclear factor of activated
NM022413	Epithelial calcium channel 2	Ecac 2	0.00E + 00	0.00E + 00	N/A
NM010118	Early growth response 2	Krox-20	2.99E - 02	0.00E + 00	N/A
NM010184	Fc receptor, IgE, high affinity 1, alpha polypeptide	Fcelα,	1.36E - 01	0.00E + 00	0.00E + 00
		Fcr-5
NM016863	FK506 binding protein 1b	FKBP 1B/FKBP	0.00E + 00	0.00E + 00	0.00E + 00
NM019827	Glycogen synthase kinase3 beta	Gsk-3	2.31E - 01	4.74E - 02	1.05E + 00
NM008284	Sarcoma virus oncogene 1	H-ras	0.00E + 00	0.00E + 00	1.03E - 02
NM008337	Interferon gamma	IFN-γ	3.44E - 01	1.24E - 02	1.02E + 00
NM008366	Interleukin 2	IL-2	3.98E - 01	2.79E - 01	2.26E - 01
NM008367	Interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	CD25	1.99E - 01	3.47E - 01	2.11E - 01
NM010591	Jun oncogene	c-JUN	0.00E + 00	0.00E + 00	0.00E + 00
NM019686	Kinase interacting protein 2	KIP 2	1.84E - 01	0.00E + 00	8.28E - 03
NM007746	Mitogen activated protein kinase 8	Cot	1.50E - 02	0.00E + 00	0.00E + 00
NM011951	Mitogen activated protein Mus musculus Harvey rat	P38MAPK	3.65E - 03	0.00E + 00	1.88E - 02
NM016700	Mitogen activated protein	JNK1	4.21E - 01	4.87E - 01	3.59E - 01
NM008656	Myogenic factor 5	Myf 5	1.83E - 02	0.00E + 00	6.37E - 01
NM016791	Nuclear factor of activated T-cell, cytoplasmic 1	NF-ATc	3.59E - 01	0.00E + 00	1.38E - 01
NM008915	Protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, gamma isoform	Calcineurin A gamma	6.12E - 02	1.06E - 02	3.54E - 01
NM013693	Colony stimulating factor	GM-CSF	1.88E - 01	0.00E + 00	0.00E + 00
NM010188	Fc receptor, IgG, Low affinity III	CD16	6.62E - 01	5.25E - 03	1.24E - 01
NM24684	Fos-like antigen 2	fra-2	5.59E - 01	0.00E + 00	0.00E + 00
NM41840	Protein phosphatase 3, regulatory subunit B, alpha isoform	Calcineurin B	2.23E + 00	4.01E - 01	4.73E - 01
NM010177	Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 6	Fasl	1.02E + 00	0.00E + 00	1.88E - 01
NM019408	Nuclear factor of kappa light polyeptide gene enhancer in B-cell	NF-κB	4.58E - 01	3.50E - 01	4.25E - 01

N/A: Gene expression level, 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ = 0 and vehicle ≥ 2.

Table 3 Genes up-regulated by 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ in rat spleens

GenBank	Description	Gene name	Gene expression	Abundance	(Exp/vehicle)
NM010548	Interleukin 10	IL-10	2.30E+00	8.25E-01	1.69E+00
NM010899	Nuclear factor of activated T-cell, cytoplasmic 2	NFAT1 (NFATP)	N/A	N/A	N/A
NM009192	Src-like adaptor	SLA	2.57E + 00	4.21E + 01	8.97E - 01
NM013672	Trans-acting transcription factor 1	Sp1	2.03E + 00	1.49E + 01	4.87E - 01
NM009505	Vascular endothelial growth factor A	VEGF/ VEGI	2.15E + 00	N/A	N/A
NM010234	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	c-fos	N/A	N/A	N/A
NM010510	Interferon beta, fibroblast	IFNb-1	N/A	N/A	N/A
NM010583	Mus musculus IL 2-inducible T-cell kinase	Tsk	6.77E - 01	N/A	5.29E + 00
NM021283	Interleukin 4	IL-4	N/A	N/A	N/A
NM010558	Interleukin 5	IL-5	N/A	N/A	N/A

N/A: Gene expression level, 1,25-(OH)₂D₃≥ 2 and vehicle = 0.