Aqueous suspension of anise “Pimpinella anisum” protects rats against chemically induced gastric ulcers

Table 1 Effect of aqueous anise suspension on gastric lesions induced by various necrotizing agents (mean  ± SD)

Group		Dose	Ulcer index
serial	Treatment	(mg/kg, i.g.)	80% EtOH	0.2 mol/L NaOH	25% NaCl
1	Control (distilled water)	-	7.16 ± 0.40	8.00 ± 0.0	7.66 ± 0.33
2	Pimpinella anisum	250	6.00 ± 0.51b	4.66 ± 0.80d	6.00 ± 0.44d
3	Pimpinella anisum	500	4.00 ± 0.44d	3.66 ± 0.66d	4.00 ± 0.51d

Six rats were used in each group.

^bP < 0.01,

^dP < 0.001 vs control (distilled water) group, Student’t-test.

Table 2 Effect of aqueous anise suspension on ethanol-induced histopathological changes in rat stomach

Groupserial	Treatment and dose(mg/kg, body weight/day)	Histopathological changes
		Congestion	Haemorrhage	Edema	Necrosis	Inflammatorychanges	Dysplasticchanges	Erosions	Ulceration
1	Control (distilled water)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	(1 mL/rat)
2	Ethanol, 80% (1 mL/rat)	++	+++	++	++	+	+	+++	+
3	Pimpinella anisum	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-
	(250) + ethanol, 80% (1 mL/rat)
4	Pimpinella anisum	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-
	(500) + ethanol, 80% (1 mL/rat)

-: normal, +: moderate, ++: severe, +++: intensely severe.

Table 3 Effect of aqueous anise suspension on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions (mean  ±  SD)

Groupserial	Treatment	Animals(n)	Dose(mg/kg, i.g.)	Ulcer index
1	Control (indo only)	6	-	32.16 ± 5.22
2	Pimpinella anisum + indo	6	250	9.66 ± 1.96d
3	Pimpinella anisum + indo	6	500	6.00 ± 2.68d

^dP < 0.001 vs control (indo only) group. Indo: indomethacin.

Table 4 Effect of aqueous anise suspension on the levels of non-protein sulfhydryles (NP-SH) in glandular stomach of rats treated with 80% ethanol (mean  ±  SD)

Group	Treatment and dose	NP-SH concentration
serial	(mg/kg, body weight)	(μmol/100 mg wet tissue)
1	Control (distilled water, 1 mL/rat)	11.70 ± 0.86
2	Control (80% ethanol, 1 mL/rat)	6.31 ± 0.23b
3	Pimpinella anisum (250) + 80% ethanol (1 mL/rat)	6.71 ± 0.33
4	Pimpinella anisum (500) + 80% ethanol (1 mL/rat)	7.68 ± 0.37a

Six rats were used in each group.

^aP < 0.05 vs control (80% ethanol) group,

^bP < 0.01 vs control (distilled water) group.

Table 5 Effect of anise suspension on gastric secretion, acidity and gastric lesion index in pylorus-ligated Shay rats (mean  ±  SD)

Group serial	Treatment	Dose (mg/kg, i.g)	Volume of gastric content (mL)	Titratable acid (mEq/L)	Ulcer index
1	Control (distilled water)	-	7.83 ± 0.38	127.21 ± 2.64	0.66 ± 0.21
2	Pimpinella anisum	250	3.00 ± 0.51b	109.33 ± 4.64d	0.00d
3	Pimpinella anisum	500	0.33 ± 0.33d	108.33 ± 5.00d	0.00d

Six rats were used in each group.

^bP < 0.01,

^dP < 0.001 vs control (distilled water) group.

Table 6 Effect of aqueous anise suspension on ethanol-induced gastric wall mucus concentration changes (mean  ±  SD)

Groupserial	Treatment	Dosage(mg/kg,i.g.)	Gastric wall mucus (μg Alcianblue of wet glandular tissue)
1	Control (distilled water)	-	474.98 ± 13.86
2	80% ethanol only	-	307.92 ± 10.69d
3	Pimpinella anisum 80% ethanol	250	372.75 ± 20.87a
4	Pimpinella anisum 80% ethanol	500	391.60 ± 20.19b

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs 80% ethanol group only;

^dP < 0.001 vs control (distilled water) group.