Clinical heterogeneity in autoimmune acute liver failure

Table 1 Clinical features at time of diagnosis

Case No.	Age(yr)	IAHSS	New onset AIH	BMI(m/kg2)	HE	SIRS	Bilirubin(mg/dL)	ALT(IU/L)	ALP(UI/L)	INR	Globulin(g/dL)	Creatinine(mg/dL)	ANA	Corticosteroids
1.31	65	17	Yes	31.1	2	Yes	21.9	309	274	1.60	4.1	1.1	1:40	Yes
1.22	17	17	Yes	22.0	3	Yes	15.3	358	136	1.50	2.5	0.9	1:40	Yes
23	66	17	No	20.0	2	Yes	8.4	31	207	1.50	4.4	0.9	1:80	Yes
1.24	28	17	Yes	30.3	2	Yes	22.9	128	262	1.90	5.7	1.1	1:80	Yes
1.25	52	14	Yes	27.5	2	No	21.2	217	186	1.90	4.5	0.6	1:40	No
16	17	20	Yes	22.5	2	No	7.6	414	271	1.70	7.7	0.8	1:80	Yes
7	31	18	No	19.9	4	Yes	22.0	541	138	3.60	2.9	6.6	1:80	Yes
8	25	14	No	35.0	3	Yes	26.8	23	309	1.90	3.1	2.7	1:40	No
1.39	67	13	Yes	26.9	2	No	13.8	683	135	8.12	2.4	2.3	1:80	No
10	18	12	Yes	27.0	3	Yes	22.6	126	120	2.20	2.7	1.1	1:40	No
11	33	13	Yes	23.3	3	Yes	20.1	173	199	3.60	4.3	1.4	1:80	No

IAHSS: international autoimmune hepatitis scoring system; HE: hepatic encephalopathy grade; SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; INR: international normalized ratio; ANA: antinuclear antibody; BMI: body mass index.

¹Cases treated with corticosteroids,

²Cases that survived one month, ³Cases that survived more than three years.

Table 2 Clinical features at d 1 of survivors and non-survivors

Variables	In-hospital survival (n = 6) median (range)	In-hospital non-survival (n = 5) median (range)	P
Age (yr)	52 (17-67)	29.5 (18–66)	0.43
HE grade (III or IV), n (%)	1 (16)	4 (80)	0.10
Body mass index (m/kg2)	26.9 (22–31.1)	25.1 (20–35)	0.39
APACHE score	8 (6–13)	20 (11–23)	0.08
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	15.3 (7.6–21.9)	22.3 (8.4–26.8)	0.35
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L)	358 (217–683)	127 (23–541)	0.35
INR	1.7 (1.5–8.12)	2.05 (1.5–3.6)	0.35
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.9 (0.6–2.3)	1.25 (0.9–6.6)	0.20
Serum sodium (mEq/L)	134 (131–138)	134 (125–149)	0.35
SIRS (yes), n (%)	0	1 (20)	0.45
Sepsis (yes), n (%)	1 (16)	2 (33.2)	0.42
Severe sepsis (yes), n (%)	1 (16)	3 (60)	0.19
Septic shock (yes), n (%)	0	0	NS
Multiple organic failure (yes), n (%)	0	5 (100)	0.02
Corticosteroids (yes), n (%)	5 (83)	1 (20)	0.06

HE: hepatic encephalopathy grade; APACHE: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome.