Factors influencing health-related quality of life in chronic liver disease

Table 1 Baseline data of chronic liver disease and normal groups

Variable	Chronic liver disease	Normal group	P
n	250	50
Age (Mean ± SD, yr)	49.1 ± 8.5	47.9 ± 12.0	0.65
Sex
Male	160 (64.0%)	28 (56.0%)	0.33
Marital status1
Single	71/238 (29.8%)	9/49 (18.4%)	0.07
Educational level1
< Bachelor degree	165/237 (69.6%)	30/50 (60.0%)	0.12
Career1
Unemployed	61/231 (26.4%)	3/46 (6.5%)	< 0.01
Blue-collar	37/231 (16.0%)	1/46 (2.2%)
White-collar	133/231 (57.6%)	42/46 (91.3%)
Financial burden1
Present	87/238 (36.6%)	22/50 (44.0%)	0.20
Self-rating health perception1
Poor health perception	61/238 (25.6%)	4/50 (8.0%)	< 0.01
Disease severity
Chronic hepatitis	135/250 (54.0%)
Child’s class A cirrhosis	59/250 (23.6%)
Child’s class B cirrhosis	40/250 (16.0%)
Child’s class C cirrhosis	16/250 (6.4%)
Causes of chronic liver disease
Viral hepatitis B	99 (39.6%)
Viral hepatitis C	48 (19.2%)
Alcohol	43 (17.2%)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	27 (10.8%)
Others	33 (13.2%)

¹Incomplete data.

Table 2 Variables by severity of the liver diseases

Variable	Normal	Chronic hepatitis	Child’s class A	Child’s class B	Child’s class C	P
n	50	135	59	40	16
Age (Mean ± SD, yr)	49.1 ± 8.5	43.5 ±12.2	51.7 ± 9.1	54.1 ± 10.2	54.6 + 8.0	< 0.01
Male	28 (56%)	88 (65.2%)	39 (66.1%)	22 (55%)	10 (62.5%)	0.73
Single1	9/49 (18.4%)	55/133 (41.4%)	7/53 (13.2%)	7/37 (18.9%)	3/15 (20.0%)	< 0.01
Low education1	30/50 (60%)	79/133 (59.4%)	39/53 (73.6%)	33/36 (91.7%)	14/15 (93.3%)	< 0.01
Unemployment1	2/50 (4.0%)	16/133 (12.0%)	11/53 (20.8%)	14/37 (37.8%)	3/15 (20.0%)	< 0.01
Blue-collar career1	1/46 (2.2%)	16/129 (12.4%)	8/51 (15.7%)	6/37 (16.2%)	7/15 (46.7%)	< 0.01
Financial burden1	22/50 (44.0%)	46/133 (34.6%)	22/53 (41.5%)	14/37 (37.8%)	5/15 (33.3%)	0.77
Good health perception1	46/50 (92.0%)	106/133 (79.7%)	38/53 (71.7%)	24/37 (64.9%)	9/15 (60.0%)	< 0.01

¹Incomplete data.

Table 3 Variables affecting SF-36 domains¹

Variable	Physical function	Role-physical	Bodily pain	General health	Vitality	Social function	Role-emotion	Mental health
Good health perception	13.7 (2.6)	36.4 (5.4)	21.6 (5.3)	26.2 (2.9)	17.2 (2.1)	15.8 (2.8)	23.1 (5.9)	18.0 (2.2)
Advanced stage	-3.1 (1.0)	-7.5 (2.2)		-4.0 (1.1)			-6.1 (2.4)
Age (yr)	-0.4 (0.1)	-0.6 (0.2)	-0.8 (0.2)
Female	-6.3 (2.2)
Financial burden	-6.9 (2.2)	-15.8 (4.6)			-4.4 (1.8)		-17.0 (5.0)	-6.9 (1.9)
Low education					-4.7 (1.8)
High level career							7.7 (3.0)
F-statistic	18.5	26.2	18	55.6	32.2	31.7	13.3	42.8
R2	0.26	0.28	0.12	0.29	0.26	0.1	0.17	0.24

¹Only data with P < 0.05 are expressed as β-coefficient (SEM).

Table 4 Variables affecting CLDQ domains¹

Variable	Abdominal symptoms	Fatigue	Systemic symptoms	Activity	Emotional function	Worry	Average CLDQ
Good health perception	1.1 (0.2)	0.9 (0.2)	0.9 (0.2)	0.7 (0.2)	0.9 (0.2)	1.0 (0.2)	1.0 (0.2)
Advanced stage	-0.2 (0.1)	-0.3 (0.1)	-0.2 (0.1)	-0.2 (0.1)	-0.3 (0.1)	-0.2 (0.1)	-0.3 (0.1)
Financial burden		-0.4 (0.1)		-0.3 (0.1)		-0.3 (0.2)
F-statistic	29	22.2	24.5	19.2	36.3	16.1	25.2
R2	0.18	0.2	0.15	0.18	0.21	0.15	0.22

¹Only data with P < 0.05 are expressed as β-coefficient (SEM).