Hepatitis B genotypes: Relation to clinical outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Saudi Arabia

Table 1 Biochemical, hematological and virological parameters of all enrolled patients distributed across the four groups

Parameter (mean value)	Group 1(n = 17)	Group 2(n = 22)	Group 3(n = 19)	Group 4(n = 12)	P
ALT (U/L)	41.88	177.7	52	96	0.001
AST (U/L)	22	80	55.3	150	0.001
ALP (U/L)	100	111	116.4	238.8	0.001
INR	1.3	1.1	1.4	1.2	0.003
Bilirubin (μmol/L)	10	13.8	40.4	30	0.001
Albumin (g/L)	40	37.6	28.9	25.4	0.005
WBC (109/L)	7.1	6.1	4.9	7.2	0.160
Hemoglobin (g/L)	125	129.6	118.4	62	0.740
Platelets (109/L)	253	202	121.3	213	0.230
HBV DNA level
< 200 copies/mL	5	2	3	1	NS
200-105 copies/mL	10	8	8	8	NS
> 105 copies/mL	2	12	8	3	NS

ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; WBC: White blood cells.

Table 2 HBV genotype distribution across different stages of liver disease and in relation to HBeAg status in 70 patients

Study cohort (n)	HBV genotype % (n)
	D	E	A	C	Mixed
Group 1 (17)	58.8 (10)	-	5.9 (1)	-	35.3 (6)
Group 2 (22)	95.5 (21)	-	-	4.5 (1)	-
Group 3 (19)	84.2 (16)	15.8 (3)	-	-	-
Group 4 (12)	83.3 (10)	8.3 (1)	-	-	8.3 (1)
HBeAg + (18)	88.9 (16)	-	5.6 (1)	5.6 (1)	-
HBeAg - (52)	78.8 (41)	7.7 (4)	-	-	13.5 (7)

Table 3 Hepatitis B virus genotype D patients’ biochemical, hematological and virological parameters distributed across the four groups (mean ± SD)

Parameter	Group 1(n = 10)	Group 2(n = 21)	Group 3(n = 16)	Group 4(n = 10)	P
Age (yr)	45 ± 18	35 ± 9.9	52.1 ± 7.7	61 ± 12	0.015
ALT (U/L)	40.3 ± 8	176.9 ± 100.7	54.1 ± 30.4	99.3 ± 79.9	0.001
AST (U/L)	21.1 ± 6.5	78.6 ± 56.8	63.8 ± 48.5	158.3 ± 167.6	0.001
ALP (U/L)	98.6 ± 39.9	112.6 ± 41	143.8 ± 6.2	239.9 ± 201	0.001
Bilirubin (μmol/L)	10.6 ± 4.9	14.1 ± 10.2	48.6 ± 60.4	27.8 ± 23.2	0.001
Albumin (g/L)	41.5 ± 3.2	37.8 ± 4.6	27.8 ± 7.9	24.7 ± 8.4	0.007
WBC (109/L)	7.5 ± 2.2	6.3 ± 1.7	6.12 ± 3.1	6.2 ± 1.9	0.100
Hemoglobin (g/L)	127.7 ± 42.5	129.2 ± 57.5	65.5 ± 55.9	62.5 ± 54.5	0.704
Platelets (109/ L)	250 ± 84.3	207.2 ± 56	130.8 ± 56	217.6 ± 97.4	0.113
HBeAg -/+	5/5	12/9	15/1	9/1	0.024

ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; WBC: White blood cells.

Table 4 Predisposing factors for advanced hepatitis B virus genotype D liver disease

	Variable	Coefficient	95% CI	P
	Age	-0.01	-0.02 to 0.0005	< 0.001
Univariate analysis	Gender	0.5	0.03 to 1.1	< 0.001
	AST	0.2	0.09 to 0.3	< 0.001
	ALT	0.04	0.01 to 0.03	< 0.001
	ALK	0.01	-0.001 to 0.02	< 0.001
	Albumin	-0.2	-0.3 to -0.9	< 0.001
	Bilirubin	0.08	0.0009 to 0.1	< 0.001
Multivariate analysis	Hemoglobin	-0.05	-0.08 to -0.03	0.001
	Albumin	-0.004	-0.007 to -0.001	0.002

CI: Confidence interval; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase.