Acute effect of smoking on gallbladder emptying and refilling in chronic smokers and nonsmokers: A sonographic study

Table 1 Postprandial gallbladder volumes after smoking in smokers and non-smokers (mean ± SD, mL)

t/min	Non smoker			Smoker
	Control	After smoking	P	Control	After smoking	P
0	23.3 ± 3.3	21.9 ± 3.0	0.175	18.3 ± 3.0	19.5 ± 2.8	0.371
5	16.5 ± 2.9	18.0 ± 2.8	0.174	12.9 ± 2.1	16.9 ± 2.5	0.022
15	11.7 ± 2.5	13.7 ± 2.6	0.080	10.0 ± 1.5	14.1 ± 1.6	0.011
30	10.5 ± 1.9	12.4 ± 2.1	0.432	9.5 ± 1.6	12.8 ± 1.7	0.042
60	13.1 ± 2.4	12.3 ± 2.0	0.756	10.9 ± 1.5	12.0 ± 1.6	0.359
120	14.2 ± 2.5	13.5 ± 1.8	0.859	13.3 ± 2.9	11.3 ± 1.5	0.398
180	15.9 ± 2.5	15.5 ± 1.9	0.508	14.1 ± 2.9	12.6 ± 1.7	0.449

Table 2 Postprandial gallbladder volumes after smoking in smokers and non-smokers (mean ± SD, mL)

t/min	Control			After smoking
	Non smoker	Smoker	P	Non smoker	Smoker	P
0	23.3 ± 3.3	18.3 ± 3.0	0.360	21.9 ± 3.0	19.5 ± 2.8	0.604
5	16.5 ± 2.9	12.9 ± 2.1	0.392	18.0 ± 2.8	16.9 ± 2.5	0.783
15	11.7 ± 2.5	10.0 ± 1.5	0.623	13.7 ± 2.6	14.1 ± 1.6	0.883
30	10.5 ± 1.9	9.5 ± 1.6	0.732	12.4 ± 2.1	12.8 ± 1.7	0.883
60	13.1 ± 2.4	10.9 ± 1.5	0.513	12.3 ± 2.0	12.0 ± 1.6	0.909
120	14.2 ± 2.5	13.3 ± 2.9	0.839	13.5 ± 1.8	11.3 ± 1.5	0.318
180	15.9 ± 2.5	14.1 ± 2.9	0.701	15.5 ± 1.9	12.6 ± 1.7	0.295