Synchronous and metachronous occurrence of gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric lymphoma: A review of the literature

Table 1 Synchronous cases reported in the literature

Reference	Age/sex	Lymphoma type	H pylori	Adenocarcinoma type	Therapy	Survival months
Rabinovitch[11]	64/m	Lymphosarcoma	NM	EGC	S. gastrectomy	NM
Jernstrom[12]	72/f	Lymphocytic lymphosarcoma	NM	AGC, I, W	S. gastrectomy and 750 R radiotherapy	10
Manier[13]	65/m	Histiocytic	NM	EGC, P	T. gastrectomy and chemotherapy	24
	72/m	Histiocytic	NM	AGC, P	T. gastrectomy	1.5
Lin[14]	56/m	Diffuse lymphocytic	NM	EGC, W	T. gastrectomy and 4500 cGy Co60 radiotherapy	24
Kane[15]	74/m	Diffuse lymphocytic	NM	EGC, P	S. gastrectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy	12
Planker[7]	65/m	Immunocytoma	NM	EGC, I, M	T. gastrectomy, splenectomy and 4000 cGy Co60 radiotherapy	30
Czerniak[16]	74/m	Mix type	NM	EGC, W,	S. gastrectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy	12
Kasahara[8]	77/m	Small cleaved	NM	AGC, W	S. gastrectomy	24
Noda[9]	61/m	Diffuse large cell	NM	EGC, W	T. gastrectomy and chemotherapy	9
Akosa[17]	79/m	MALT, LG	NM	EGC, M	No treatment	NM
Kelly[18]	85/m	MALT, LG	+	?, I, M	No treatment	2
Von Herbay[19]	79/f	MALT, LG + HG	+	EGC, I, W	T. gastrectomy
Wotherspoon[20]	55/f	MALT, LG	+	AGC, P	NM	NM
	55/f	MALT, LG + HG	+	EGC, W	NM	NM
	NM/m	MALT, LG	-	AGC, W	NM	NM
	60/f	MALT, LG	+	AGC, W	NM	NM
	34/f	MALT, LG	+	AGC, P	NM	NM
	67/f	MALT, LG	+	EGC, W	NM	NM
	55/f	MALT, LG	+	EGC, W	NM	NM
	55/f	MALT, LG	-	EGC, P	NM	NM
	69/f	MALT, LG	+	AGC, W	NM	NM
Nishino[21]	71/m	Diffuse, large cell type	NM	EGC, tubular type, W	T. gastrectomy, splenectomy and cyclophosphamide, oncovin, prednisolone chemotherapy	120
Hardman[22]	56/m	MALT, LG	+	AGC, Signet-ring cell, P	T. gastrectomy and etoposide, cisplatin, adriamycin chemotherapy	NM
Nakamura[10]	27/m	MALT, LG	+	EGC, I, W	NM	57
	38/m	MALT, LG	+	EGC, D, P	NM	45
	70/m	MALT, HG	+	EGC, I, W	NM	81
	72/m	MALT, LG	+	AGC, I, W	NM	1
	75/f	MALT, LG	+	EGC, I, W	NM	13
	53/m	MALT, LG	+	EGC, I, W	NM	67
	67/f	MALT,LG	+	EGC, I, W	NM	31
	42/m	Immunoblastic	+	EGC, D, P	NM	91
	47/m	MALT, LG	+	EGC, D, P	NM	24
	78/m	T-cell pleomorphic	+	AGC, D, P	NM	1
Ishihama[23]	68/m	Diffuse, small cleaved	+	EGC, W	T. gastrectomy	NM
	61/m	Diffuse, large cell	+	EGC, P	T. gastrectomy	NM
	61/f	Diffuse, lymphocytic	+	EGC, P	S. gastrectomy	132
	77/m	Diffuse, large cell	+	EGC, W	Vincristine,endoxanpredonine, adriamicin chemotherapy and endoscopic mucosectomy	NM
Goteri[24]	51/M	MALT, LG + HG	+	EGC, I, W	NM	122
	55/f	MALT, LG	+	EGC, D, P	NM	33
	80/m	MALT, LG	-	EGC, I, W	NM	12
	57/m	MALT, LG	+	EGC, I, W	NM	10
	53/m	MALT, LG	+	AGC, I, W	NM	3
	66/m	MALT, LG	-	AGC, D, P	NM	10
	69/m	MALT, LG	-	AGC, D, P	NM	8
	69/m	MALT, LG	-	AGC, M, M	NM	3
Kanamoto[25]	47/m	MALT, LG	+	EGC, D, P	T. gastrectomy	24
Montalban[26]	77/m	MALT, LG	NM	GC	NM	NM
	68/f	MALT, HG	NM	GC	NM	NM
Cammarota[27]	47/m	MALT, LG	+	AGC, I, P	Etoposide, epirubicin, cisplatin chemotherapy and T. gastrectomy	NM
Chan[28]	71/m	MALT, LG	-	EGC, P	S. gastrectomy	NM
	58/f	MALT, HG	+	EGC, P	S. gastrectomy	NM
	75/f	MALT, HG	+	EGC, P	S. gastrectomy	NM
Kafes[29]	78/m	MALT, NM	+	EGC, I, P + stromal tumor	T. gastrectomy	20
Sakai[30]	51/f	MALT, LG	+	EGC, tubular, M	T. gastrectomy	NM
Suenaga[31]	73/m	MALT, LG	-	AGC, I, W	S. gastrectomy, D3 dissection	23

m: male, f: female, NM: not mentioned, EGC: early gastric carcinoma, AGC: advanced gastric carcinoma, GC: gastric carcinoma, I: intestinal type, D: diffuse type, W: well differentiated, P: poor differentiated, M: moderately differentiated, MALT: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, HG: high grade, LG: low grade, S. gastrectomy: subtotal gastrectomy, T. gastrectomy: total gastrectomy.

Table 2 Metachronous cases reported in the literature

Reference	Age/sex	Lymphoma type	Lymphoma therapy	Interval	Adenocarcinoma therapy
McNeer[32]	27/f	Reticulum cell sarcoma	S. gastrectomy; radiotherapy for local recurrence	6.5 yr	T. gastrectomy
Fleischer and Walker[33]	61/m	Lymphosarcoma	S. gastrectomy; 4000 cGy	5 yr	Supportive treatment
Bockus[34]	49/m	Lymphosarcoma	Radiotherapy	3.5 yr	T. gastrectomy
Komarov[35]	40/m	Round cell sarcoma	S. gastrectomy	19 yr	NM
Morgenstern[36]	46/f	Reticulum cell sarcoma	S. gastrectomy	25 yr	Resection
Ettinger and Carter[37]	55/m	Lymphosarcoma	S. gastrectomy; 2000-2600 cGy	16 yr	Palliative surgery
Shani[38]	47/m	Reticulum cell sarcoma	S. gastrectomy	31 yr	Resection
	29/m	Diffuse, poorly differentiated lymphocytic	S. gastrectomy; orthovoltage for whole abdomen (6 d)	34 yr	Exploration
	51/f	Diffuse, mixed lymphocytic histiocytic	S. gastrectomy; 1800 cGy X-R + 2000 cGy Co 60. 12030 cGy for recurrence (16 yr later)	16 yr	Exploration
	48/m	Diffuse, poorly differentiated lymphocytic	S. gastrectomy; 3000 cGy.	10 yr	Exploration; combined chemotherapy
Sellin[39]	45/m	Diffuse, large cleaved cell	2300 cGy; S. gastrectomy; 4000 cGy (4 yr later)	13 yr	Total gastrectomy
Brumback[40]	8/m	Diffuse undifferentiated (small noncleaved)	S. gastrectomy; cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone for 1 mo; 4075 cGy; 6-mercaptopurine, vincristine, prednisolone, methotrexate for 3 yr	6 yr	Gastrojejunal bypass; 5-FU, doxorubicine, mitomycin chemotherapy
	15/m	Hodgkin’s disease, nodular sclerosis type	3500 cGy to upper abdomen; 2000 cGy to left axillary-cervical-supraclavicular; cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisolone, adriamycin for 2 yr	10 yr	NM
	24/f	Reticulum cell sarcoma	S. gastrectomy; 4000 cGy	15 yr	No treatment
	60/m	Diffuse large cell	S. gastrectomy; cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone, doxorubicin chemotherapy	4 yr	T. gastrectomy and S. esophagectomy
	56/m	Well differentiated lymphocytic	S. gastrectomy; 3700 cGy; oral cyclophosphamide chemotherapy	12 yr	T. gastrectomy
Zorlu[42]	43/m	Diffuse, large cleaved cell	S. gastrectomy; cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone ( 2 courses); 4500 cGy; cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone (4 courses)	8 yr	Near total gastrectomy; 5-FU, mitomycin
	35/f	Diffuse, large cleaved cell	S. gastrectomy; 4000 cGy; cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone (6 courses)	8 yr	T. gastrectomy
Nakamura[10]	69/f	Immunoblastic	NM	7 yr	S.gastrectomy
	82/f	MALT, HG	NM	13 mo	Endoscopic mucosal resection
Zauber[43]	78/f	Large cleaved cell	S. gastrectomy; 4500 cGy; i.v. cyclophosphamide chemotherapy (9 courses)	4 yr	T. gastrectomy
Montalban[26]	42/m	MALT	Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone	108 mo	NM
Hasegawa[44]	72/f	MALT	Antibiotic therapy for H pylori	6 mo	S. gastrectomy
Morgner[45]	74/m	MALT, LG	Antibiotic therapy for H pylori	4 yr	Endoscopic mucosal resection
	70/m	MALT, LG	Antibiotic therapy for H pylori	5 yr	Endoscopic mucosal resection and argon plasma coagulation
	77/f	MALT, LG	Antibiotic therapy for H pylori	4 yr	Endoscopic mucosal resection
Ghosdal[46]	32/m	MALT, LG	S. gastrectomy; Antibiotic therapy for H pylori (for 2 wk);	15 mo	No treatment
Raderer[47]	67/f	MALT	Antibiotic therapy for H pylori ( for 9 mo)	9 mo	S. gastrectomy
	61/f	MALT	Antibiotic therapy for H pylori ( for 14 mo); 2CdA chemotherapy (4 courses)	27 mo	S. gastrectomy

m: male, f: female, NM: not mentioned, MALT: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, HG: high grade, LG: low grade, S. gastrectomy: subtotal gastrectomy, T. gastrectomy: total gastrectomy,

¹Only 2 cases reported by Nakamura et al were diagnosed as lymphoma after the treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma.