Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery for complex gallstone disease: A report of five cases

Table 1 Demographic data of the five patients.

Patient No.	Age	Sex (yr)	Bilirubin (mg/dL)	ALP (IU/L)	AST (IU/L)
1	33	M	8.5	337	68
2	63	M	1.0	71	59
3	43	M	0.9	83	30
4	51	M	6.2	211	70
5	68	F	5.0	277	350

M: male, F: female.

Table 2 Causes of HALS and operative method for the five patients.

Patient No.	Causes of HALS	Operative method
1	Impacted stone in infundibulum	Subtotal Cholecystectomy
2	Obscured Calot triangle, bleeding of FFD	Total cholecystectomy
3	Obscured Calot triangle, GB emphysema	Partial cholecystectomy
4	Contracted atrophic GB, obliterated Calot triangle	Partial cholecystectomy
5	Dense adhesions of Calot triangle, impacted stone in cystic duct	Subtotal Cholecystectomy

HALS: hand assisted laparoscopic surgery. FFD: first-fundus dissection, GB: gallbladder.

Table 3 Operative time and postoperative stays of the five patients.

Patient No.	Operative time (min)	Hand-assisted time (min)	Postoperative stays (d)	Clinical diagnosis
1	165	75	4	MS type I
2	165	70	3	Mimic MS
3	115	65	4	Mimic MS
4	180	100	5	MS type I
5	190	90	4	MS type I