Glutamine supplemented parenteral nutrition prevents intestinal ischemia- reperfusion injury in rats

Table 1 Composition of parenteral nutrition solutions (per 100 mL)

	PN	I/R- Gln
Glucose (g)	17.9	17.9
Fat emulsion (g)	5.6	5.6
Amino acid (g)	5.8	2.2
Ala-Glu (g)	0.0	3.6
Nitrogen (g)	0.93	0.93
NPC (kcal)	122.0	122.0
NPC/N	131.2	131.2

Table 2 Morphologic parameters

	PN (n = 10)	I/R-PN (n = 10)	I/R- Gln (n = 10)
Mucosal wall thickness (μm)	566.5 ± 37.4a	418.2 ± 39.6	564.4 ± 59.3a
Villous height (μm)	404.2 ± 39.1a	290.8 ± 48.8	396.4 ± 60.5a
Crypt depth (μm)	214.5 ± 29.4a	136.6 ± 20.2	204.9 ± 38.6a
Villous surface area (mm2)	0.118 ± 0.010a	0.065 ± 0.006	0.112 ± 0.012a

^aP < 0.05 vs I/R-PN; PN: parenteral nutrition; I/R: ischemia-reperfusion Gln: glutamine.

Table 3 Mucosal wet weight and biochemistry

	PN (n = 10)	I/R-PN (n = 10)	I/R- Gln (n = 10)
Mucosal wet weight (mg/cm)	74.6 ± 16.3a	55.2 ± 12.0	82.8 ± 18.2a
Protein content (mg/cm)	3.25 ± 0.92a	1.73 ± 0.60	3.16 ± 0.47a
DNA content (mg/cm)	1.42 ± 0.20a	0.64 ± 0.12	1.33 ± 0.17a
RNA content (mg/cm)	4.53 ± 0.58a	3.26 ± 0.78	4.45 ± 0.84a

^aP < 0.05 vs I/R-PN; PN: parenteral nutrition; I/R: ischemia-reperfusion Gln: glutamine.

Table 4 Bacterial translocation measurements

	PN (n = 10)	I/R-PN (n = 10)	I/R- Gln (n = 10)
Rate of BT	10% (1/10)	100% (10/10)	20% (2/10)
MLN	1	9	2
Blood	1	7	1
Liver	0	5	0
Spleen	0	4	1

BT: bacterial translocation, MLN: mesenteric lymph mode.