Radiological findings in non-surgical recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: From locoregional treatments to immunotherapy

Figure 2 Computed tomography study for assessment of treatment response (after transarterial chemoembolization). A: A 55-year-old male underwent conventional transarterial chemoembolization of a hepatocellular carcinoma lesion located in the VIII hepatic segment. Two years after treatment, a computed tomography scan showed areas of hyperattenuating components in the unenhanced phase (A), representing the ethiodized oil (arrowhead); B-D: During the arterial (B) phase, a pseudonodular area of hypervascularization during the arterial phase (B, yellow arrow) was seen, with a slight hypoattenuating appearance during the portal venous phase (C) and a clear washout during the delayed phase (D). This represents an example of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization.