Opinion Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 21, 2022; 28(39): 5658-5665
Published online Oct 21, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i39.5658
Table 2 Risk factors for small intestinal adenocarcinoma
Factor
Disease
Risks of small intestinal adenocarcinoma
Ref.
Animal fatCorrelation coefficient of 0.61[21]
Animal proteinCorrelation coefficient of 0.75[21]
2–3-fold higher risk[36]
Bile saltsBile salts may transform into carcinogenic deoxycholic acid[22]
Hereditary polyposisFAPAPC mutation; 5% is small bowel adenocarcinoma and half is duodenal adenocarcinoma[27]
The incidence is 330 times higher than that in the general population[28]
HNPCCMMR gene mutation; lifetime risk is at approximately 1% in a French registry[29]
PJSSTK11 mutation; incidence is 520 times higher than that in the general population[30]
DiseaseCrohn’s diseaseThe incidence is 17.4 times higher than that in the general population[37]
The incidence is almost 3 times higher than that in the average American[38]
Celiac diseaseIt is implicated in 8%-13% of small bowel adenocarcinoma cases[39,40]