Laparoscopy-assisted pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for early gastric cancer: A retrospective study of long-term functional outcomes and quality of life

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics and hospital course in the laparoscopy-assisted pylorus preserving gastrectomy and laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy groups

Factors	Subgroup	LADG	LAPPG	P value
		(n = 195) (%)	(n = 101) (%)
Age (mean ± SD) (yr)		56.5 ± 11.8	58.3 ± 12.0	0.218
Sex	Male	114 (58.5)	54 (53.5)	0.458
	Female	81 (41.5)	47 (46.5)
BMI (mean ± SD) (kg/m2)		24.0 ± 3.1	24.1 ± 3.1	0.617
ASA	I	79 (40.5)	35 (34.7)	0.441
	II	109 (55.9)	64 (63.4)
	III	7 (3.6)	2 (2.0)
Tumor size (mean ± SD) (cm)		2.8 ± 1.5	2.5 ± 1.4	0.078
Histological type	WD	30 (15.4)	15 (14.9)	0.716
	MD	45 (23.1)	20 (19.8)
	PD	47 (24.1)	23 (22.8)
	SRC	70 (35.9)	43 (42.6)
	Others	3 (1.5)	0 (0)
Proximal margin (mean ± SD) (cm)		2.7 ± 2.0	2.5 ± 2.2	0.388
Distal margin (mean ± SD) (cm)		8.0 ± 2.5	3.6 ± 2.6	< 0.001
Number of positive LN (mean ± SD)		0.1 ± 0.3	0.1 ± 0.4	0.364
Number of Harvested LN (mean ± SD)		33.5 ± 12.2	30.5 ± 11.6	0.046
pT	1	188 (96.4)	96 (95.0)	0.551
	2	7 (3.6)	5 (5.0)
pN	0	182 (93.3)	92 (91.1)	0.641
	1	13 (6.7)	9 (8.9)
Operating time (median, IQR) (min)		150.0 (130.0, 185.0)	210.0 (185.0, 235.0)	< 0.001
Estimated blood loss (median, IQR) (cc)		100.0 (12.5, 200.0)	100.0 (50.0, 200.0)	0.235
Hospital stay (median, IQR) (d)		7.0 (6.0, 7.0)	7.0 (5.5, 7.0)	0.940

LADG: Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy; LAPPG: Laparoscopy-assisted pylorus preserving gastrectomy; SD: Standard deviation; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system; WD: Well differentiated; MD: Moderately differentiated; PD: Poorly differentiated; SRC: Signet ring cell; LN: Lymph node; IQR: Interquartile range.