Liver stiffness reversibly increases during pregnancy and independently predicts preeclampsia

Table 2 Associations with liver stiffness in all women, controls, preeclampsia and cholestasis patients

Spearman correlations	All	Control	Preeclampsia	ICP
General
Gestational age (d)	0.462c	0.499c	-0.372	0.017
Age (yr)	-0.071	-0.035	0.198	-0.249
Current body weight (kg)	0.296c	0.287c	0.195	0.193
Body weight before pregnancy (kg)	0.182c	0.161c	0.315	0.175
Increase in body weight (kg)	0.314c	0.325c	-0.184	0.233
Current BMI (kg/m²)	0.316c	0.313c	0.313	0.169
BMI before pregnancy (kg/m²)	0.188c	0.169c	0.686c	0.175
Increase in BMI (kg/m²)	0.322c	0.328c	-0.118	0.269
MAP (kPa)	0.154c	0.03	0.082	0.464
pruritus	0.194c	-0.034		0.471b
Nulliparous state	0.131b	0.129b	0.287	0.383b
Laboratory
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.138	0.045	-0.478	0.048
Urea (mg/dL)	0.064	-0.068	-0.459	0.063
AST (U/L)	0.267c	0.04	0.588a	0.325a
ALT (U/L)	0.286c	0.103	0.354	0.28
AP (U/L)	0.297c	0.313c	-0.091	0.128
GGT (U/L)	0.228b	0.164	0.717b	-0.038
Bilirubin total (mg/dL)	0.027	-0.128	0.754b	0.257
Uric acid (mg/dL)	0.283c	0.152	-0.157	0.059
Total protein (g/L)	-0.201a	-0.350c	-0.018	-0.018
Albumin (g/L)	-0.199	-0.195	-0.5	-0.21
Leukocytes (1/nL)	-0.346c	-0.205a	-0.834c	-0.595c
Erythrocytes (1/pL)	0.169a	0.133	-0.473	0.181
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	0.024	0.073	-0.767b	0.064
Platelets (1/nL)	-0.132	0.025	-0.790b	-0.480b
Quick-test (%)	-0.029	0.086	-0.814b	0.017
INR	-0.013	-0.132	0.802b	-0.038
Bile acid (µmol/L)	0.698c	0.393		0.698c
Sonography
Liver size (cm)	0.031	0.027	0.357	-0.247
Spleen size (cm)	0.167b	0.112a	0.587b	-0.071
Diameter VCI (cm)	-0.009	-0.035	0.387	0.144
Level of hepatic steatosis (0-3)	0.211c	0.186c	0.343	0.309
CAP (dB/m)	0.075	0.081	0.775c	0.02
Cumulative estimated fetus weight (g)	0.244a	0.223

^aP < 0.05;

^bP < 0.01;

^cP < 0.001. ICP: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALT: Alanine transaminase; BMI: Body mass index; CAP: Controlled attenuation parameter; GGT: Gamma-glutamyltransferase; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; AP: Arterial pressure; INR: International normalized ratio; VCI: Vena cava inferior.