Intralesional steroid is beneficial in benign refractory esophageal strictures: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Main characteristics of the studies included

Study	Study design	Country	Parameter	Patients		Etiology of BRES	Follow-up (mo)	Complication
				Cases	Control			Cases	Control
Kochhar et al[13] 1999	Crossover	India	PDI	14	14	Mixed	23	1	0
Kochhar et al[14] 2002	Crossover	India	PDI	71	71	Mixed	59	0	0
Ahn et al[16] 2015	Crossover	New Zealand	PDI	25	25	Mixed	90	0	0
Nijhawan et al[16] 2016	Crossover	India	PDI	11	11	Corrosive	18	0	0
Dunne et al[17] 1999	RCT	United States	TNRD, DS	20	22	Mixed	60	0	0
Altintas et al[18] 2004	RCT	Turkey	TNRD	11	10	Mixed	48	1	1
Orive-Calzada et al[20] 2012	Cohort	Spain	TNRD	14	9	Mixed	45	0	1
Hirdes et al[19] 2013	RCT	Netherland	TNRD, DS	31	29	Anastomotic	33	5	1
Pereira-Lima et al[21] 2015	RCT	Brazil	TNRD, DS	9	10	Mixed	13	0	0
Camargo et al[22] 2003	RCT	Brazil	DS	7	7	Mixed	12	0	0
Rupp et al[23] 1995	RCT	United States	DS	22	21	Mixed	11	0	0

PDI: Periodic dilation index; NRD: Total number of repeat dilations; DS: Dysphagia score; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; BRES: Benign refractory esophageal stricture.