Review
Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 14, 2014; 20(34): 12118-12131
Published online Sep 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i34.12118
Table 1 Non-genetic factors associated with an increased risk to develop pancreatic cancer
Risk factorsEstimated overall riskRef.
Smoking1.75[37,38]
Overweight1.12 per increased 5 kg/m2[39-41]
Alchohol abuse1.2[42,43]
Type 1 diabetes2.0[44]
New onset type 2 diabetes2.0[45]
Chronic pancreatitis14.0[46]
Exposure to nickel1.9[47]
Previous gastric ulcer1.8[48]