Tumor necrosis factor-α mediates JNK activation response to intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury

Figure 1 Ischemia-reperfusion induced intestinal mucosal tumor necrosis factor-α expression. A: Small intestinal mucosal tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA expression; B: ELISA analysis of small intestinal mucosal TNF-α protein expression; C: Western blotting analysis of small intestinal mucosal TNF-α protein expression; D: The results of Western blotting analysis were expressed as a ratio to β-actin densitometry units. A TNF-α inhibitor, pentoxifylline (PTX), significantly suppressed the TNF-α mRNA and protein expression. Values are mean ± SE. Six rats were tested in each group. ^aP < 0.05 vs sham-operation (SO) rats pretreated with vehicle (SO + vehicle), ^cP < 0.05 vs ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) rats pretreated with vehicle (I/R + vehicle).