Endoclips vs large or small-volume epinephrine in peptic ulcer recurrent bleeding

Table 2 Clinical outcomes of endoscopic therapy n (%)

	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3
Primary outcome
Early recurrent bleeding	15 (30)	8 (16)	2 (4)cb
Stigmata
Spurting	4 (26.7)	1 (12.5)	1 (50)
Oozing	5 (33.3)	2 (25)	1 (50)
Visible vessel	6 (40)	5 (62.5)	0
Secondary outcomes
Initial hemostasis	50 (100)	50 (100)	50 (100)
Permanent hemostasis	44 (88)	46 (92)	48 (96)
Emergency surgery	6 (12)	4 (8)	2 (4)
30-d mortality	3 (6)	0 (0)	4 (8)
Blood transfusion (mL)	1041 (120-1997)	912 (0-2039)	840 (0-1893)
Hospital stays (d)	7.5 (1-14)	7.6 (1-15)	5.7(1-15)bd

Continuous data are expressed as mean (95% CI).

^bP < 0.01 vs group 1;

^cP < 0.05,

^dP < 0.01 vs group 2. Pearson χ² test.