Classification of histological severity of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis by confocal laser endomicroscopy

Figure 1 Confocal laser endomicroscopy classification of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis severity in gastric antrum and corpus. A, B: Normal mucosa with normal antral and corporal pits, and free of fluorescein leakage; C, D: Active inflammation (mild) with slightly distorted pits and intact epithelium, scattered focal fluorescein leakage (arrows); E, F: Active inflammation (moderate) with more distorted pits and partly destroyed epithelium (arrows), and more fluorescein leakage; G, H: Active inflammation (marked) with markedly distorted pits and dilated opening, destroyed epithelium (arrows), and widespread fluorescein leakage; I, J: Glandular atrophy with decreased gastric pits and markedly dilated opening (arrows); K, L: Intestinal metaplasia with villous-like gastric pits and goblet cells (black arrows), absorptive cells (white arrows) and brush border (arrowheads) appearing. CLE: Confocal laser endomicroscopy.