Synergistic effect of fatty liver and smoking on metabolic syndrome

Table 4 ORs for metabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome among subgroups of subjects, analyzed by multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age, gender, drinking alcohol, and physical activity (n = 3455)

	Fatty liver (-)				Fatty liver (+)
	Non-smoker (n = 1702)		Smoker (n = 365)		Non-smoker (n = 1057)		Smoker (n = 331)
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Central obesity1	1 (reference)		0.7	0.5-1.1	3.5a	2.9-4.2	4.5a	3.3-6.1
FPG ≥ 100 mg/dL	1 (reference)		1.3	0.8-1.9	3.6a	2.9-4.6	2.8a	2.0-4.1
High blood pressure2	1 (reference)		0.7	0.5-1.0	2.7a	2.2-3.2	1.7a	1.3-2.3
TG ≥ 150 mg/dL	1 (reference)		2.4a	1.8-3.2	5.3a	4.4-6.5	8.1a	6.0-10.9
Low HDL-C3	1 (reference)		2.0a	1.4-2.7	3.4a	2.7-4.1	8.3a	6.1-11.3
Metabolic syndrome	1 (reference)		1.4	0.9-2.2	6.6a	5.2-8.4	9.5a	6.7-13.4

^aP < 0.05.

¹Waist circumference in men ≥ 90 cm or in women ≥ 80 cm;

²Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg;

³High-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men < 40 mg/dL or in women < 50 mg/dL. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.