Role of cyclooxygenase-2 in the carcinogenesis of gastrointestinal tract cancers: A review and report of personal experience

Table 3 Chemopreventive effects of coxibs on intestinal tumors using animal models

Drug				Outcomes		Reference
Name	Concentration	Term	Animal model	Inhibition rate (%)	P value	Reporter (#)	Year
carcinogen-induced rat model
Celecoxib	1500 ppm	5-16 wk	F344 rat, AOMa	40 (ACF)	P < 0.001	Reddy et al (92)	1996
NS-398	1 mg/kg•bw	5-11 wk	F344 rat, AOMa	34 (ACF)	P < 0.05	Yoshimi et al (83)	1997
	10 mg/kg•bw			47 (ACF)	P < 0.01
Celecoxib	1500 ppm	5-50 wk	F344rat, AOMa	93(colontumor)	P<0.00001	Kawamori et al (81)	1998
Nimesulide	200 ppm	6-30 wk	ICRmouse,AOMa	36(adenocarcinoma)	NS	Fukutake et al (84)	1998
	400 ppm			50(adenocarcinoma)	P < 0.05
Celecoxib	500 ppm	5-58 wk	F344 rat, AOMa	55(adenocarcinoma)	P < 0.001	Reddyet al (82)	2000
	1000 ppm	5-58 wk		62(adenocarcinoma)	P < 0.001
	1500 ppm	5-58 wk		77(adenocarcinoma)	P < 0.0001
	1500 ppm	22-58 wk		47(adenocarcinoma)	P < 0.01
Nabumetone	750 ppm	for18 wk	F344 rat, AOMa	15 (ACF)	P < 0.05	Roy et al (85)	2001
	1500 ppm			37 (ACF)	P < 0.01
Apc gene mutant mouse model
MF-tricyclic	3,5 mg/kg•d	3-11 wk	ApcΔ716	52(intestinalpolyp)	P = 0.0037	Oshima et al (53)	1996
	14 mg/kg•d			62 (intestinal polyp)	P < 0.0001
Nimesulide	400 ppm	4-15 wk	ApcΔ850 (Min)	48 (intestinal polyp)		Nakatsugi et al (90)	1997
Celecoxib	150 ppm	30-80 d	ApcΔ850 (Min)	48 (intestinal polyp)	P < 0.05	Jacoby et al (54)	2000
	500 ppm			29(intestinalpolyp)
	1500 ppm			71(intestinalpolyp)
JTE-522	0.001 (%)	4-12 wk	ApcΔ474	9 (intestinal polyp)	NS	Sasai et al (88)	2000
	0.01 (%)			32 (intestinal polyp)	P < 0.05
Nabumetone	900 ppm	5-15 wk	ApcΔ850 (Min)	50(smallbowelpolyp)	P < 0.05	Roy et al (91)	2001
				65(largebowelpolyp)	P < 0.05
MF-tricyclic	13 mg/kg/d	3-7 wk	ApcΔ850 (Min) +	48 (intestinal polyp)	P < 0.001	Lal et al (87)	2001
			Msh2-/-
Rofecoxib	0.0025 (%)	3-11 wk	ApcΔ716	36 (intestinal polyp)		Oshima et al (55)	2001
	0.0075 (%)			55 (intestinal polyp)
JTE-522	0.01 (%)	4-12 wk	ApcΔ474	49 (large adenoma)	P < 0.01	Sunayama et al (89)	2001
				-28 (small adenoma)		NS

AOM^a, azoxymethane; Reporter (#), Name of reporter and (#) shows reference number