Proton pump inhibitors for gastrointestinal bleeding prevention after percutaneous coronary intervention: Comparing evidence in dual antiplatelet therapy

Figure 1 Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses flow diagram representing breakdown of screened and included studies. ¹Consider, if feasible to do so, reporting the number of records identified from each database or register searched (rather than the total number across all databases/registers). ²If automation tools were used, indicate how many records were excluded by a human and how many were excluded by automation tools.

Figure 2 Risk of bias assessment for randomized controlled trials. A: Summary plot; B: Risk-of-bias traffic plot.

Figure 3 Risk of bias assessment for observational studies. A: Summary Plot; B: Traffic plot.

Figure 4 Forest plot representing comparison of bleed risk among study and non-proton pump inhibitor groups. A: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs); B: RCTs and omeprazole; C: RCTs and pantoprazole; D: Observational studies only. PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 5 Forest plot representing comparison of upper gastrointestinal bleed risk among study and non-proton pump inhibitor groups. A: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs); B: RCTs and omeprazole only; C: Observational studies. PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 6 Forest plot representing comparison of among study and non-proton pump inhibitor groups in observational studies. A: Lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleed; B: Major GI bleed; C: All-cause mortality. PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; CI: Confidence interval.