Malignancy risk factors and prognostic variables of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms in Chinese patients

Figure 1 Representative radiographic images showing the mucinous cystic neoplasms. A: Computed tomography (CT) scan showing a cystic neoplasm in the pancreatic tail with a clear boundary and linear separation within the lesion; B: CT scan showing multilocular cysts with a slightly high-density solid component, thickened septa, and punctate calcifications; C: CT scan showing a cyst with a slightly thickened cyst wall and multiple calcification foci; D: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showing mixed signals of the mass and the dilatation of the nearby pancreatic duct.

Figure 2 Representative micrographs showing the mucinous cystic neoplasm. A: The epithelium exhibits mild to moderate cellular and structural dysplasia, and there is subepithelial ovarian-type stroma (OTS), haematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E) × 200; B: The epithelium demonstrates papillary hyperplasia with some cells shedding into the lumen, and the stroma is partially replaced by fibrous collagen, H&E × 100; C: MCN-associated invasive carcinoma extended into the adjacent pancreatic tissue, and the epithelium exhibited severe dysplasia, H&E × 100; D: The OTS was positive for PR-staining, EnVision × 200.

Figure 3 Risk factors of malignant mucinous cystic neoplasm. A: Binary logistic regression analysis of preoperative risk factors for malignancy; B: Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the combined predictors and individual indicators. 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; AUC: Area under the curve.

Figure 4 Prognostic factors for mucinous cystic neoplasm with associated invasive carcinoma. A: There was no significant difference in prognosis between stage IA and stage IB mucinous cystic neoplasm with associated invasive carcinoma (MCN-AIC) (P = 0.400); B: Encapsulated MCN-AIC is associated with a significantly better prognosis (P < 0.001).