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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastroenterol. Jun 7, 2021; 27(21): 2758-2770
Published online Jun 7, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i21.2758
Figure 1
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Figure 1 Machine learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence; deep neural networks in turn form a subfield of machine learning. AI: Artificial intelligence; DNN: Deep neural networks; ML: Machine learning.
Figure 2
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Figure 2  Deep neural networks have multiple intermediate layers that are hidden between the input and output layers.
Figure 3
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Figure 3  Comprehensive view of areas that reflect the benefits of artificial intelligence in management of major gastrointestinal surgery.