Stroma-targeting strategies in pancreatic cancer: Past lessons, challenges and prospects

Figure 1 Illustration of the complex pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment that consists of various cell types and acellular extracellular matrix proteins and proteoglycans. Therapeutic strategies that have recently been tested or are being tested in clinical trials are highlighted in red. PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; ATRA: All trans retinoic acid; apCAF: Antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts; iCAF: Inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts; myCAF: Myofibroblast-like cancer-associated fibroblasts; IL: Interleukin; TGF: Transforming growth factor; TGFBR: Transforming growth factor β receptor; PEGPH20: Pegylated PH20; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-κappa β; ECM: Extracellular matrix; FAK: Focal adhesion kinase.