Experimental models of metabolic and alcoholic fatty liver disease

Figure 1 Pathogenesis and progression of the syndromes of metabolic and alcoholic steatohepatitis. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of factors–obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, high triglyceride levels, and low high-density lipoproteins cholesterol levels–that arise from obesogenic diet and genetic factors. Coupled with heavy alcohol consumption, MetS promotes lipid dysregulation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. These biochemical processes reciprocally mediate each other and contribute to lipotoxic cellular dysfunction, immune response, inflammation, and fibrosis in syndromes of metabolic and alcoholic steatohepatitis.