Bacterial infection triggers and complicates acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with hepatitis B virus-decompensated cirrhosis: A retrospective cohort study

Figure 1 Flow chart for patient inclusion. HBV: Hepatitis B virus.

Figure 2 Impact of bacterial infection on in-hospital overall survival according to the presence of acute-on-chronic liver failure. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; BI: Bacterial infection.

Figure 3 Impact of bacterial infection on 90-d transplant-free survival, liver transplantation rate, development of acute-on-chronic liver failure, and 5-year post-discharge transplant-free survival. A: The 90-d transplant-free survival was significantly lower in patients with bacterial infection (BI) than in those without; B: The patients with BI had a significantly lower rate of liver transplantation than in those without; C: The cumulative incidence of ACLF during follow-up was significantly increased after the onset of BI; D: These patients had a significantly lower long term transplant-free survival compared to the patients who were free of BI during hospitalization. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; BI: Bacterial infection.