Simultaneous transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and portal vein embolization for patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma before major hepatectomy

Figure 1 Transarterial chemoembolization and portal vein embolization. A: Transarterial chemoembolization in a patient with large hepatocellular carcinoma in the right liver lobe (orange arrow); B: Coils (white arrow) and polyvinyl alcohol particles were used for portal vein embolization in the same patient.

Figure 2 Future liver remnant volume of a patient was only 391 mL before simultaneous transarterial chemoembolization and portal vein embolization (A) and increased to 574 mL later by nearly 46% (B).

Figure 3 Liver function levels of the three groups from baseline to surgery (A-C). ^aP < 0.05 among the groups. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; PVE: Portal vein embolization; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization.

Figure 4 Disease-free survival (A) and overall survival (B) after major hepatectomy in patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent simultaneous transarterial chemoembolization + portal vein embolization, sequential transarterial chemoembolization + portal vein embolization, or portal vein embolization only. TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; PVE: Portal vein embolization.